Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | AIS Patients (n = 482) | 90-day functional outcome |
Symptomatic ICH |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRS 0–2 (n = 251) | mRS 3–6 (n = 231) | p | Yes (n = 50) | No (n = 432) | p | ||
| Age, year, median (IQR) | 65 (56–72) | 62 (52–69) | 69 (60–75) | <0.001a | 67.5 (61–73) | 64 (56–72) | 0.102a |
| Gender, male/female, n | 323/159 | 184/67 | 139/92 | 0.002b | 34/16 | 289/143 | 0.875b |
| Vascular Risk factors, n (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 312 (64.7) | 156 (62.2) | 156 (67.5) | 0.217b | 37 (74) | 275 (63.7) | 0.147b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 120 (24.9) | 46 (18.3) | 74 (32) | 0.001b | 13 (26) | 107 (24.8) | 0.849b |
| Dyslipidemia | 98 (20.3) | 48 (19.1) | 50 (21.6) | 0.492b | 4 (8) | 94 (21.8) | 0.022b |
| Coronary artery disease | 105 (21.8) | 36 (14.3) | 69 (29.9) | <0.001b | 23 (46) | 82 (19) | <0.001b |
| Atrial fibrillation | 120 (24.9) | 54 (21.5) | 66 (28.6) | 0.073b | 18 (36) | 102 (23.6) | 0.055b |
| Smoking | 196 (40.7) | 113 (45) | 83 (35.9) | 0.042b | 16 (32) | 180 (41.7) | 0.188b |
| Drinking | 170 (35.3) | 105 (41.8) | 65 (28.1) | 0.002b | 11 (22) | 159 (36.8) | 0.038b |
| Prior stoke, n (%) | 82 (17) | 29 (11.6) | 53 (22.9) | 0.001b | 8 (16) | 74 (17.1) | 0.84b |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 13 (2.7) | 5 (2) | 8 (3.5) | 0.319b | 2 (4) | 11 (2.5) | 0.889c |
| Admission NIHSS, median (IQR) | 15 (12–18) | 13 (10–17) | 17 (13–20) | <0.001a | 14 (12–18) | 15 (12–18.5) | 0.944a |
| Admission ASPECTS, median (IQR) | 8 (7–9) | 9 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.003a | 8 (6–9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.023a |
| Stroke location, n (%) | |||||||
| Internal carotid artery | 197 (40.9) | 94 (37.5) | 103 (44.6) | 0.169b | 23 (46) | 174 (40.3) | 0.707b |
| Middle cerebral artery-M1 | 228 (47.3) | 129 (51.4) | 99 (42.9) | 21 (42) | 207 (47.9) | ||
| Middle cerebral artery-M2 | 57 (11.8) | 28 (11.2) | 29 (12.6) | 6 (12) | 51 (11.8) | ||
| Stroke cause (TOAST), n (%) | |||||||
| Cardioembolic | 289 (60) | 140 (55.8) | 149 (64.5) | 0.148b | 37 (74) | 252 (58.3) | 0.061b |
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 174 (36.1) | 100 (39.8) | 74 (32) | 13 (26) | 161 (37.3) | ||
| Others | 19 (3.9) | 11 (4.4) | 8 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 19 (4.4) | ||
| Time parameters, min, median (IQR) | |||||||
| onset-to-door | 263 (154–386) | 279 (165–420) | 245 (151–363) | 0.094a | 218.5 (131–360) | 269.5 (160.5–390) | 0.133a |
| groin puncture-to-recanalization | 39 (28–59) | 36 (25–50) | 40 (30–66) | 0.015a | 51.5 (31–80) | 38 (27–55) | 0.002a |
| onset-to-recanalization | 438 (336–594) | 457 (341–600) | 429.5 (325–568) | 0.177a | 400.5 (300–558) | 442 (339–595) | 0.266a |
| door-to-recanalization | 174 (141–221) | 166.5 (135–215) | 175 (146–222) | 0.223a | 191 (146–231) | 173 (141–220) | 0.215a |
| recanalization-to-blood test | 375 (208–540) | 369 (204–547) | 377 (230–534) | 0.993a | 315 (203–512) | 376 (213.5–541) | 0.267a |
| General anesthesia, n (%) | 84 (17.4) | 35 (13.9) | 49 (21.2) | 0.036b | 22 (44) | 62 (14.4) | <0.001b |
| Number of passes, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.074a | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.194a |
| mTICI, 2b/2c-3, n | 204/278 | 86/165 | 118/113 | <0.001b | 33 (66) | 245 (56.7) | 0.208b |
| Prior IVT, n (%) | 174 (36.1) | 83 (33.1) | 91 (39.4) | 0.149b | 27 (54) | 147 (34) | 0.005b |
| Medications, n (%) | |||||||
| Antiplatelet | 89 (18.5) | 35 (13.9) | 54 (23.4) | 0.008b | 10 (20) | 79 (18.3) | 0.768b |
| Anticoagulation | 49 (10.2) | 26 (10.4) | 23 (10) | 0.884b | 9 (18) | 40 (9.3) | 0.053b |
| sICH, n (%) | 50 (10.4) | 6 (2.4) | 44 (19) | <0.001b | – | – | – |
Note.
Abbreviations: AIS, acute ischemic stroke; ASPECTS: Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; mRS, modified Rankin scale; mTICI, modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.
b
Analyzed by Chi-square test.
c
Analyzed by Yates's correction for continuity.