Table 1. General characteristics of the institutions surveyed.
| Variables | Total (n = 252) | Long-term care hospital (n = 118) | Live-in long-term care facility (n = 103) | Non-live-in long-term care facility (n = 31) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of food service operation | 0.000† | |||||
| Self-operated management | 213 (84.5) | 111 (94.1) | 80 (77.7) | 22 (71.0) | ||
| Consigned management | 35 (13.9) | 6 (5.1) | 23 (22.3) | 6 (19.4) | ||
| Others | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.5) | ||
| No answer | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | ||
| Number of food service manpower | 0.000† | |||||
| < 5 | 85 (33.7) | 20 (16.9) | 46 (44.7) | 19 (61.3) | ||
| 5–9 | 85 (33.7) | 45 (38.1) | 32 (31.1) | 8 (25.8) | ||
| 10–14 | 59 (23.4) | 42 (35.6) | 15 (14.6) | 2 (6.5) | ||
| 15–19 | 10 (4.0) | 7 (5.9) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (3.2) | ||
| ≥ 20 | 7 (2.8) | 4 (3.4) | 3 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| No answer | 6 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.9) | 1 (3.2) | ||
| Number of beds | 0.000† | |||||
| < 50 | 19 (8.6) | 5 (4.2) | 14 (13.6) | - | ||
| 50–99 | 37 (16.7) | 5 (4.2) | 32 (31.1) | - | ||
| 100–149 | 44 (19.9) | 27 (22.9) | 17 (16.5) | - | ||
| 150–199 | 46 (20.8) | 35 (29.7) | 11 (10.7) | - | ||
| 200–249 | 27 (12.2) | 17 (14.4) | 10 (9.7) | - | ||
| 250–299 | 7 (3.2) | 6 (5.1) | 1 (1.0) | - | ||
| ≥ 300 | 18 (8.1) | 16 (13.6) | 2 (1.9) | - | ||
| No answer | 23 (10.4) | 7 (5.9) | 16 (15.5) | - | ||
| Meal served* | 0.000† | |||||
| Breakfast | 220 (31.4) | 117 (33.2) | 95 (32.9) | 8 (13.6) | ||
| Lunch | 250 (35.7) | 118 (33.5) | 101 (34.9) | 31 (52.5) | ||
| Dinner | 230 (32.9) | 117 (33.2) | 93 (32.2) | 20 (33.9) | ||
| Type of diet‡ | 0.000† | |||||
| General diet | 214 (15.4) | 104 (13.8) | 90 (16.0) | 20 (27.8) | ||
| Soft diet | 195 (14.0) | 99 (13.1) | 83 (14.7) | 13 (18.1) | ||
| Soft diet-minced | 177 (12.7) | 101 (13.4) | 69 (12.2) | 7 (9.7) | ||
| Liquid diet | 173 (12.5) | 97 (12.9) | 70 (12.4) | 6 (8.3) | ||
| Diabetic diet | 172 (12.4) | 96 (12.7) | 68 (12.1) | 8 (11.1) | ||
| Blended diet | 166 (12.0) | 91 (12.1) | 70 (12.4) | 5 (6.9) | ||
| Tube feeding | 162 (11.7) | 95 (12.6) | 62 (11.0) | 5 (6.9) | ||
| Low-salt diet | 121 (8.7) | 63 (8.4) | 50 (8.9) | 8 (11.1) | ||
| Others | 9 (0.6) | 7 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Cost per meal§ | 0.000† | |||||
| < 1,000 won | 8 (3.2) | 6 (5.1) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 1,000–1,999 won | 116 (46.0) | 80 (67.8) | 32 (31.1) | 4 (12.9) | ||
| 2,000–2,999 won | 68 (27.0) | 18 (15.3) | 39 (37.9) | 11 (35.5) | ||
| 3,000–3,999 won | 32 (12.7) | 10 (8.5) | 14 (13.6) | 8 (25.8) | ||
| ≥ 4,000 won | 14 (5.6) | 3 (2.5) | 5 (4.9) | 6 (19.4) | ||
| No answer | 14 (5.6) | 1 (0.8) | 11 (10.7) | 2 (6.5) | ||
Values are presented as number (%).
*The p values were analyzed using the χ2 test; †p < 0.001; ‡Multiple response analysis; §The cost per meal is the unit price of pure ingredients, excluding, for example, the labor and maintenance costs. 1,300 KRW (South Korean Won) = 0.77 USD (United States dollar) (Jun 22, 2023 18:22 UTC).