Figure 1.

Regulation of the cell transcriptome by EBV lytic replication. (A) The EBV positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, Akata and Mutu, were transfected with the autonomously replicating pCEP4 plasmid containing the EBV early BMRF1 promoter upstream from a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter and stable transfectants were selected using hygromycin (upper panel). Stably transfected BMRF1p-GFP Akata or Mutu cells were left untreated or treated with anti-IgG or anti-IgM for 24 h. GFP+ cells were collected for the treated cells and GFP- cells were collected for the untreated cells. To induce reactivation directly through ectopic expression of the EBV transactivator, Zta, Mutu cells were co-transfected with a CMV-GFP reporter plasmid plus a control or an SV40p-Zta expression vector (lower panel) and GFP+ cells were collected for analyses. This panel was created with BioRender.com. (B) Mutu cells were co-transfected with a control or an SV40p-Zta expression vector plus either a CMV-GFP (left panel), a promoter-less GFP (middle panel), or a BMRF1p-GFP reporter plasmid (right panel) for 24 h and the percent GFP cells were counted. (C) Transcripts per million (TPM) values for Zta or the late gene, BLLF1, from RNA-seq analysis of 24 h Akata-BCR, Mutu-BCR or Mutu-Zta models. (D) Heatmap of log₂(TPMlyt + 0.5/TPMlat + 0.5) values for common statistically significant changes across all three induction models.