Chart 2. Data extracted from the studies included in the scoping review – Teresina, PI, Brazil, 2024.
| Journal/field | Year/country | Title | Type of nanocomposite | Nanocomposite composition | Etiology of injuries | Outcome | Study type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MDPI Medicine(Oncology) | 2021 Greece | Management of Acute Radiodermatitis in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Patients Using Electrospun Nanofibrous Patches Loaded with Pinus Halepensis Bark Extract(16) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA* | 1*- Polyethylene oxide and cellulose acetate 2*- Aqueous extract of Pinus halepensis bark (PHBE) | Acute Radiodermatitis | In contrast to the reference product, the PHBE patch showed anti-inflammatory activity and restored most skin parameters to normal levels 1 month after use, contributing to the prophylaxis and successful management of acute radiodermatitis. Beneficial effects were observed on the RTOG scale, TEWL, erythema, hemoglobin concentration, skin texture and subjective experience of itching and pain, while no statistically significant variation was observed between the two interventions for hydration and melanin. | Clinical trial |
| 2 | Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine HINDAWI Nursing | 2017 China | A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Study of Nanocrystalline Silver, Manuka Honey, and Conventional Dressing in Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer(27) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Polyethylene 2- Nanocrystalline silver | Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) | The proportions of complete healing were 81.8%, 50% and 40% in the nanocrystalline silver (nAg), manuka honey (MH) and conventional (paraffin tulle) groups, respectively. The rate of size reduction was potentially higher in the nAg group (97.45%) than in the MH group (86.21%) and the conventional group (75.17%). | Open randomized clinical trial |
| 3 | Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Czech Medicine (Orthopedic and Traumatology) | 2022 Czech Republic | Management of Leg Ulcers Using Combined PRP Therapy on a Nanofiber Carrier: Results of a Pilot Study(17) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Polycaprolactone (PLC) 2- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Leg ulcers | When comparing healing progress between day 0 and day 168, there was a statistically significant decrease in surface area in both groups. As for depth, there was a statistical difference, and the experimental group (PLC/PRP) had a better evolution compared to the control group (Mepilex®). The experimental group also had more healed ulcers. | Clinical Trial (Pilot Study) |
| 4 | Acta Medica Mediterranea Medicine and Nursing | 2023 China | Clinical effect and collaborative nursing of polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber membrane in the treatment of stage 2 pressure injury(20) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1-Polycaprolactone (PCL) 2- Collagen | Stage 2 pressure injury | The lesions were measured using the PUSH scale and there was a reduction in the area from 19.48 ± 15.41 on admission to 4.26 ± 3.47 in the third week (P > 0.05) and after 28 days of the nursing intervention, all the dimensions of the quality-of-life scores in both groups improved, with the scores of the experimental group higher than those of the control group (P > 0.05). | Clinical trial |
| 5 | International Immunopharmacology Medicine (Immunology, Endocrinology), Pharmacology, Biology. | 2021 Iran | Improved wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers using human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in gelatin electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds plus a platelet-rich plasma gel: A randomized clinical trial(28) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Gelatin 2- Mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Diabetic foot ulcers | The reduction in wound size was 66% in group A (nanofiber with stem cells), 71% in group B (nanofiber with stem cells + PRP) and 36% in control group C (conventional therapy). A significant difference in wound closure and no pain was observed between groups A and B compared to control group C (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between groups A and B. Implantation of hPDMSCs in PRP accelerated wound healing and improved clinical parameters in DFU patients. | Randomized clinical trial |
| 6 | Pharmacological Reports Pharmacology | 2021 Poland | Alleviating neuropathy of diabetic foot ulcer by co-delivery of venlafaxine and matrix metalloproteinase drug-loaded cellulose nanofiber sheets: production, in vitro characterization and clinical trial(18) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Cellulose 2- Venlafaxine (VEN) and Doxycycline (DOX) | Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) | Ulcer size showed a faster reduction after 12 weeks in the treatment group (12.22 ± 6.53 cm2 to 5.00 ± 3.46 cm2) compared to the control group (13.1 ± 5.05 cm2 to (7.06 ± 4.55 cm2). The distance walked without pain increased in the treated group (34.00 ± 6.86 m to 263.50 ± 59.63 m) while the control increased from (35.5 ± 3.27 m to 105.5 ± 17.01m) (p < 0.001). Microscopic studies of the skin showed the formation of new capillary beds. The nanofiber accelerates healing and reduces neuropathy in the DFU of diabetic patients. | Clinical trial |
| 7 | Experimental Dermatology Medicine (Dermatology) | 2012 Czech Republic | Light-activated nanofibre textiles exert antibacterial effects in the setting of chronic wound healing(19) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Polyurethane (NT) 2- Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) photosensitizer | Leg ulcers | Group 1 (treated with illuminated TPP-doped NT) had a lesion area reduced from 12.5 to 8.1 cm2 (P < 0.01) while group 2 (untreated) had a lesion area reduced from 11.8 to 10.9 cm2 (P < 0.05). Group 1 showed a reduction in the levels of sphacelate, fibrin, an increase in granulation tissue and epithelialization on day 42. Patients reported that pain intensity had been reduced by 71% and 49% in group 1 and 2 respectively. | Clinical trial |
| 8 | Wound Rep Reg Medicine (plastic surgery) | 2015 Switzerland | Poly-N-acetyl glucosamine nanofibers for negative-pressure wound therapies(29) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Poli-N-Acetyl glucosamine (sNAG) 2- NA | Pressure injuries | The application of sNAG nanofibers to the wound interface using negative pressure therapy (NPWT) was safe compared to using NPWT alone, leading to improved wound healing (16.4% versus 10.3%) due to greater stimulation of contraction rather than greater epithelialization. | Prospective randomized clinical trial. |
| 9 | J AM ACAD DERMATOL Nursing and Medicine | 2012 USA | A randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a poly-N-acetyl glucosamine derived membrane material in patients with venous leg ulcers(30) | Nanofiber Commercial: NA | 1- Poli-N acetyl glucosamine (pGlcNAc) 2- NA | Venous ulcer | At 20 weeks, the proportion of patients with completely cured VUs was 45.0% (n = 9 out of 20), 86.4% (n = 19 out of 22) and 65.0% (n = 13 out of 20) for groups that received standard treatment plus pGlcNAc only once, every two weeks and every three weeks, respectively, versus 45.0% (n = 9 out of 20) for those who received standard treatment alone. The new pGlcNAc technology was well tolerated and safe. | Ensaio clínico randomizado, cego para o investigador e controlado |
| 10 | The Foot Medicine (endocrinology) and Pharmacy | 2019 Egypt | The impact of topical phenytoin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in diabetic foot ulceration(26) | Nanogel Commercial: NA | 1- Nanostructured lipids (NLC) 2. Phenytoin (PHT) | Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) | The Nanogel (PHT-NLC Hydrogel) accelerates the healing process of DFU without any adverse effects when compared to the positive (PHT Hydrogel) and negative (Bank Hydrogel) control hydrogels. The reduction in area was 95.82 ± 2.22%, 47.10 ± 4.23% and 34.91 ± 28.33% for PHT-NLC, PHT and White respectively. | Randomized clinical trial |
| 11 | Current Nanomedicine Nanotechnology | 2019 Mexico | Catalytic Nanomedicine. Cu/TiO2–SiO2 Nanoparticles as Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Case Report(23) | Nanogel Commercial: NA | 1- Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Polyacrylic acid (PAA) 2- Cu/TiO2-SiO2 | Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) | Cu/TiO2-SiO2 nanogel therapy improved re-epithelialization, significantly reduced its size and depth and accelerated the healing of a DFU. The successful outcome made it possible to avoid the amputation that was proposed for the patient. | Case study |
| 12 | Int J Low Extrem Wounds Medicine | 2023 Egypt | Comparative Study Between Silver Nanoparticles Dressing (SilvrSTAT Gel) and Conventional Dressing in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: A Prospective Randomized Study(33) | Nanogel Commercial: SilvrSTAT Gel® | 1- Hydrogel 2-Silver nanoparticles | Non-ischemic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) | The healing rate of the SilvrSTAT Gel® group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.0001). The rate of complete healing in the SilvrSTAT Gel® group was achieved in 22 (55%), 29 (72.5%), 34 (85%) and 36 (90%) patients by the 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks, respectively. In the control group: 20 (50%), 27 (67.5%) and 30 (75%) patients were completely cured by the 8th, 10th and 12th weeks, respectively. | Prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial |
| 13 | Int Wound J | 2023 Iran | Efficacy of topical atorvastatin-loaded emulgel and nano-emulgel 1% on post-laparotomy pain and wound healing: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial(31) | Nanoemulgel Commercial: NA | 1- fat-soluble fatty acids and water-soluble polysorbates 2- Atorvastatin | Surgical wounds | On the Visual Analog Scale, healing accelerated by 57% and 89% and redness, edema and ecchymosis improved by 63% and 93% for the group treated with the emulgel and the group treated with the nanogel respectively in both scenarios. | Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial |
| 14 | ADVANCES IN SKIN & WOUND CARE Medicine, Physics, Chemistry and Biology | 2018 Sweden | Treatment of Nonhealing Ulcers with an Allograft/ Xenograft Substitute: A Case Series(35) | Nanomembrane Commercial: Eiratex® | 1- NA 2- Biosynthetic cellulose | Chronic and acute venous ulcers | The use of Eiratex® dressings reduced healing time (43 ± 6 days), the frequency of visits (5.7 ± 0.6) and dressing changes (1.7 ± 0.2) compared to the reports described in the literature for other materials. The use of Eiratex® for wound healing can increase the quality of life of these patients and reduce costs for the healthcare system. | Series of cases |
| 15 | JOURNAL OF WOUND CARE Medicine | 2018 Malaysia | Nano-colloidal silver and chitosan bioactive wound dressings in managing diabetic foot ulcers: case series(34) | Spray of Nanoparticles spray and Gel Biopolymer Commercial: SilvoSept Spray® and ChitoHeal Gel® | 1- NA 2- Nano-colloidal silver and chitosan | Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) | Applications of nano-colloidal silver spray in conjunction with the bioactive gel chitosan as primary dressings in the management of DFU cases are safe and help to increase wound healing rates, reducing time and leading to significant cost savings in the hospital environment. | Series of cases (DFU) |
| 16 | SCIENCE DIRECT/BURNS Medicine (Dermatology) | 2019 USA | A randomized comparative trial between Acticoat and SD-Ag in the treatment of residual burn wounds, including safety analysis(24) | Synthetic dressing Commercial: Acticoat® | 1- Polyethylene and polyester mesh 2- Nanocrystalline silver | Burns | The nanocrystalline silver dressing (acticoat) showed a shorter healing time than silver sulphadiazine (12.42 ± 5.40) days vs (15.79 ± 5.60) days (p = 0.005) and a higher healing rate of 90.76 ± 14.45 vs 88.55 ± 15.64 (p = 0.508). | Multicenter randomized clinical trial |
| 17 | J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs Nursing | 2016 USA | Management of a Patient With Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Using Silicone Transfer Foam Dressings and a Secondary Absorbent Dressing(21) | Synthetic dressing Commercial: NA | 1- Silicon 2- Silver nanoparticles | Toxic epidermal necrolysis (NET) | The use of the dressing (foam) for topical treatment of a 77-year-old woman with NET affecting 90% of the SCA promoted epithelialization, reduced the trauma associated with frequent dressing changes and reduced pain during dressing changes. Epithelialization occurred within 12 days of starting this approach. | Case study |
| 18 | Journal of Wound Care Medicine Dermatology | 2016 France | Quality of life in patients with leg ulcers: results from CHALLENGE, a double-blind randomised controlled trial(25) | Synthetic dressing Commercial: UrgoStart® | 1- Lipid-Colloid (TLC) 2- Nano-oligosaccharide factor (NOSF) | Venous and mixed ulcers | The TLC-NOSF matrix dressing (UrgoStart) promotes faster healing of venous ulcers and mixed leg ulcers and significantly reduces pain/discomfort and anxiety compared to the TLC Matrix dressing (UrgoTull Absorb). | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial |
| 19 | IWJ WILEY Nursing | 2021 Canada | A retrospective review of the use of a nanocrystalline silver dressing in the management of open chronic wounds in the community(32) | Synthetic dressing (NCS) Commercial: Acticoat® | 1- Polyester 2- Nanocrystalline silver | Diabetic foot ulcer, venous ulcer, surgical ulcer and pressure injury | The average healing time for all types of wounds was reduced by more than half in patients treated with the NCS dressing (average 10.46 weeks) in contrast to the comparative treatment (average 25.49 weeks). The difference in the average labor cost of managing all types of wounds using the NCS dressing (CAN$1,251) proved to be significantly lower (p = 0.001) than the cost of wounds without the NCS dressing (CAN$6,488). | Retrospective non-experimental study |
| 20 | Wounds International Medicine | 2021 China | Diabetic foot ulcer management with TLC-NOSF (Technology Lipido-colloid Nano oligosaccharide Factor) wound dressings(36) | Synthetic dressing Commercial: UrgoStart® | 1- Lipid-colloid (TLC) 2- Nano-oligosaccharide (NOSF) | Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) | The results, after the application of TLC-NOSF, represent a rapid improvement in the wound healing process through the reduction of the wound surface area. | Series of cases |
| 21 | Clinical Medicine Insights Medicine and Pharmacy | 2019 Brazil | Evaluation of the Use of Compressive Stockings Impregnated with Hesperetin-Based Nanocapsules in the Healing of Venous Ulcers: A Case Report(22) | Compression stockings with Nanocapsules Commercial: NA | 1- Textile fibers 2- Hesperetin nanocapsules | Venous ulcers | Macroscopically, the healing process was observable at 3 months of treatment. And 6 months later, a high percentage of retraction was observed in the area (92.8% and 93.1%) of the superficial lesions and (47.3%) in the area of the deepest lesion. The QoL and pain scores were 91.6 and 31.2/7 and 0, respectively. The reduction in venous diameters and melanin also indicates scar function. | Case study |
Caption: 1 (Matrix), 2 (Nanoparticle or Bioactive incorporated), NA (Not applicable)
Source: Prepared by the authors.