Table 4.
RMPs applied in the diagnosis of viral diseases
| Disease/causative agent | RMP name | Host for protein expression | Serological assay | Samples | Results | Reference/country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human dengue fever/dengue virus | r-DME-G | E. coli strain SG13009 cells | ELISA | 10 dengue-positive serum samples/10 serum samples from healthy individuals | Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: not provided | [9]/India |
| Human dengue fever/dengue virus | r-DME-M | E. coli cells | ELISA | 22 dengue-positive serum samples/150 dengue-negative serum samples | r-DME-M was recognized by all positive human samples | [96]/India |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | r-HCV-F-MEP | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | ELISA/Lateral flow assay | > 200 hepatitis-positive serum samples/100 serum samples from healthy individuals |
ELISA Sensitivity: 99.8% Specificity: 100% Lateral flow 100% compatible with ELISA results |
[1]/India |
| Human dengue fever/dengue virus | rDME-M | E. coli cells | Dipstick ELISA | 81 dengue-positive serum samples/39 serum samples from healthy individuals/30 serum samples from non-dengue diseases | Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 85% and 93% | [97]/India |
| Human dengue fever/dengue virus | rDME-G | E. coli cells | Dipstick ELISA | 50 dengue-positive serum samples/10 serum samples from healthy individuals |
Sensitivity: 100% and 95% Specificity: 100% |
[98]/India |
| Human HIV/human immunodeficincy virus | HIV-MEP | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Indirect ELISA | 57 HIV-positive serum samples/50 HIV-negative serum samples | High sensitivity and specificity values were observed | [99]/India |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | HCV | E. coli cells | Double-antigen sandwich ELISA | 259 hepatitis-positive serum samples/440 serum samples from healthy individuals/190 serum samples from non-hepatits C diseases | Sensitivity: 98.7% Specificity: 100% | [100]/China |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | rHCV-MEP | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | ELISA | 56 hepatitis-positive serum samples/50 hepatitis C-negative serum samples | High sensitivity and specificity values were observed | [101]/India |
| Human hepatitis B/hepatitis B virus | rMEHB | E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS cells | ELISA | – | rMEHB was recognized by human positive samples | [19]/Brazil |
| EBV-associated tumors/epstein-barr virus | EBV-LMP2m | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | ELISA | 238 Epstein-Barr-positive serum samples/112 serum samples from healthy individuals | Sensitivity: 52.84% Specificity: 95.40% | [102]/China |
| Human hepatitis A/hepatitis A virus | H1 | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Double-antigen sandwich ELISA | 48 hepatitis-positive serum samples/96 serum samples from vaccinated individuals | Sensitivity: 93.75% Specificity: 93.75% | [103]/China |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | rMEHCV | E. coli BL21(λDE3) pLysS cells | ELISA | 17 hepatitis-positive serum samples/10 serum samples from healthy individuals | High sensitivity and specificity values were observed | [2]/Brazil |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | r-HCV-MEPs | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Secondary antibody/ Double-antigen immunoassays | 113 hepatitis-positive serum samples/58 hepatitis-negative serum samples |
Secondary antibody Sensitivity: 95.6% Specificity: 100% Double-antigen assay Sensitivity: 91.4% Specificity: 100% |
[104]/Finland |
| Swine foot-and-mouth disease/foot-and-mouth disease virus | B4 | E. coli cells | Indirect ELISA | 147 foot-and-mouth-positive serum samples/610 healthy swine serum samples | Sensitivity: 95.9% Specificity: 96.7% | [105]/China |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | Recombinant multiepitope HCV antigen | E. coli cells | ELISA | 88 hepatitis-positive serum samples/376 hepatitis C-negative serum samples/18 serum samples from non-hepatitis C diseases | Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 99.73% | [106]/Brazil |
| Human cytomegalovirus/cytomegalovirus | rMEHCMV | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | ELISA | 12 cytomegalovirus-positive serum samples/1 serum sample from healthy individual | rMEHCMV was recognized by human positive samples | [107]/Brazil |
| Canine coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 | rSP | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Indirect ELISA | 64 coronavirus-positive serum samples/10 healthy dog serum samples | 82.81% positive rate | [108]/China |
| Human coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 | Dx-SARS2-RBD and Dx-SARS2-noRBD | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | ELISA | 185 coronavirus-positive serum samples/256 serum samples from healthy individuals/94 serum samples from non-coronovirus diseases |
Dx-SARS2-RBD Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 99.51-100% Dx-SARS2-noRBD Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 99.21-100% |
[109]/Brazil |
| African swine fever/African swine fever virus | reMeP72 | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay | 139 swine serum samples | Sensitivity: 85.7% Specificity: 97.6% | [110]/China |
| African swine fever/African swine fever virus | m35 | E. coli BL21 cells | Indirect ELISA | 78 positive serum samples/215 negative serum samples | Sensitivity: 98.72% Specificity: 98.14% | [111]/China |
| Human mayaro fever/mayaro virus | Dx-MAYV-M | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | ELISA | 18 mayaro-positive serum samples/40 serum samples from healthy individuals | Sensitivity: 99.6% Specificity: 100% | [6]/Brazil |
| Swine foot-and-mouth/foot-and-mouth disease virus | ME protein | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay | 118 foot-and-mouth-positive serum samples/307 healthy swine serum samples | Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 99.35% | [112]/China |
| Human hepatitis C/hepatitis C virus | MBP-rHCV | E. coli BL21(DE3) cells | Indirect ELISA | 142 hepatitis-positive serum samples/172 serum samples from healthy individuals | Sensitivity: 95% Specificity: 92% | [113]/Canada |
| Human rubella/rubella virus | rMERUB | E. coli BL21(λDE3) cells | ELISA | 22 rubella-positive serum samples/11 rubella-negative serum samples | Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 90.91% | [114]/Brazil |
| Human HTLV-1 and HTLV-2/human T-lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 | HTLV-1/HTLV-2 | E. coli Rosetta-gami 2(DE3) cells | ELISA | 162 HTLV-positive serum samples/297 serum samples from healthy individuals/92 serum samples from non-HTLV disease |
HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 samples Sensitivity: 82.41 to 92.36% Specificity: 90.09% to 95.19% HTLV-1 samples Sensitivity: 99.19% Specificity: 92.55% HTLV-2 samples Sensitivity: 57.14% Specificity: 94.61% |
[115]/Brazil |
| Human chikungunya/chikungunya virus | MULTREC | Binary system insect cell/baculovirus | ELISA | 161 chikungunya-positive serum samples/22 serum samples from healthy individuals/312 serum sample from non-chikungunya diseases | Sensitivity: 86.36% Specificity: 100% | [116]/Brazil |
“–”: information not provided by the study