Figure 5.

Exosomes derived from TNF-α-treated BMSCs enhanced M2 macrophage polarization in the myocardial tissues after myocardial infarction in mice.

ELISA was used to measure the levels of IL-1β (a) and IL-10 (b) in left ventricular tissues at 28 days post-MI. 6 mice were used for each group. qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expressions of Cd86 (c) and Cd206 (d) in left ventricular tissues at 28 days post-MI. 6 mice were used for each group and the experiments were repeated 3 times using mixed tissue homogenates. Data were shown with mean ± SD. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 from Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparisons test.