Table 1.

Animal, clinical, and laboratory details for bovine lymphocytic encephalitis cases that tested positive for bovine astrovirus CH13/NeuroS1.

Case	Year	Age	Sex	Breed	Area of Ontario	Clinical signs	Brain region tested	BoAstV PCR Ct	Coinfection(s)
1	1990	12 mo	M	Limousin cross	Unknown	12-h history of opisthotonos and loss of sensation in hindlimbs	Thalamus	36.8	BVDV
2	1990	15 mo	F	Holstein	Southwest	Ongoing herd production losses, neurologic signs not specified	Cerebrum	36.5	EEEV
3	1994	12 mo	F	Hereford	Northeast	3-d history of ataxia, 12-h history of blindness	Cerebrum	27.6	NA
4	1995	5 y	F	Holstein	South	24-h history of mania, followed by an inability to rise and trembling	Thalamus	24.7	BCoV
5	1995	16 mo	F	Holstein	South	Sudden death	Cerebrum	36.5	BCoV
6	1996	12 mo	M	Limousin	Southeast	Repetitive yawning and tongue movements, crouching	Thalamus	35.5	NA
7	1996	15 mo	F	Simmental	Southeast	4-d history of depression, ataxia, and weakness	Thalamus	28.4	BCoV
11	2014	7 mo	M	Beef breed	Southwest	Fell into feedbunk 1 wk prior to euthanasia, 1 wk history of ataxia	Cerebellum	35.1	NA
12	2016	2 y	M	Limousin	South	Ongoing herd production losses, neurologic signs not specified	Medulla oblongata, cerebrum	34.4	NA
13	2016	12 mo	M	Hereford	Southwest	Unspecified period of tonic-clonic seizures, repetitive licking and chewing movements	Midbrain	32.8	BCoV
14	2017	7 y	F	Holstein	Southeast	2-d history of paddling, staggering, tremors, hyper-excitability, and circling	Midbrain	30.3	OvGHV2, BCoV

BoAstV = bovine astrovirus CH13/NeuroS1; BCoV = bovine coronavirus; BVDV = bovine viral diarrhea virus; Ct = cycle threshold; EEEV = eastern equine encephalitis virus; F = female; M = male; NA = not applicable; OvGHV2 = ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (malignant catarrhal fever). Case numbers are as listed in Suppl. Table 5.