Table 2.

Microbiological data and clinical management.

Characteristic	Overall ( $n=\mathrm{91}$ )
Positive blood cultures on admission, $n$ (%), $N=\mathrm{48}$	3 (6 %)
Positive bursal aspirate stain, $n$ (%), $N=\mathrm{79}$	29 (37 %)
Bursal aspirate stain result, $n$ (%), $N=\mathrm{29}$
Gram-positive cocci	29 (100 %)
Bursal fluid cultures – $n$ (%)
Staphylococcus spp.	66 (73 %)
Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus	43 (47 %)
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus	15 (16 %)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	8 (9 %)
Streptococcus spp.	7 (8 %)
Gram-negative bacillia	2 (2 %)
Polymicrobial growth	7 (8 %)
Other	2 (2 %)
No growth	7 (8 %)
Management – $n$ (%)
Bursal fluid aspiration prior to surgery	36 (39.5 %)
Bursectomy performed
One-stage procedure	89 (98 %)
Two-stage procedure	2 (2 %)
Indication for surgery
Septic bursitis refractory to medical therapy	35 (39 %)
Abscess and/or extensive surrounding infection requiring debridement	18 (20 %)
Draining sinus or non-healing open wound	37 (40 %)
Foreign body	1 (1 %)
Required admission and inpatient management	57 (63 %)
Duration of hospitalization (days), median (IQR), $N=\mathrm{62}$	5.0 (3.0–7.0)
IV antibiotics administered during the course of treatmentc	60 (66 %)
Empiric IV antibiotics used on admission, $n$ (%), $N={\mathrm{60}}^{\mathrm{b}}$
Vancomycin	44 (73 %)
Cefazolin	17 (28 %)
Ceftriaxone	14 (23 %)
Daptomycin	1 (2 %)
Ertapenem	0 (0 %)
Meropenem	2 (3 %)
Cefepime	7 (12 %)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	15 (25 %)
IV antibiotics tailored to bursal culture results, $n$ (%), $N=\mathrm{60}$
Vancomycin	11 (18 %)
Cefazolin	10 (17 %)
Ceftriaxone	13 (22 %)
Daptomycin	4 (7 %)
Ertapenem	4 (7 %)
Cefepime	3 (5 %)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	0 (0 %)
Duration of IV antibiotics, $N=\mathrm{60}$	18.5 (6.0–29.0)
Oral antibiotics administered as part of the definitive treatment course	57 (62.6 %)
Amoxicillin	3 (5 %)
Amoxicillin–clavulanate	4 (7 %)
Fluoroquinolone	10 (17 %)
Cefadroxil	9 (16 %)
Cephalexin	13 (23 %)
Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole	8 (14 %)
Linezolid	1 (2 %)
Doxycycline/minocycline	9 (16 %)
Duration of oral antibiotics, median (IQR), $N=\mathrm{57}$	14.0 (10.0–21.0)
Total duration of antibiotic therapy, median (IQR)	21.0 (14.0–30.0)

^a Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca. ^b Does not represent the full regimen used, rather only the number of times a specific antibiotic was used (whether alone or in combination with other antibiotics). ^c  Excluding patients who received only one dose of preoperative antibiotics for surgical site infection prophylaxis.