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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 22.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2022 Jun 23;122(13):11247–11286. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00677

Figure 8.

Figure 8.

Examples of channel constrictions implemented for continuous EP. (A) Schematic of single-cell, continuous EP through a narrow uniform constriction (top).223 COMSOL Multiphysics simulations at three different points in the channel demonstrate sufficiently high TMP, but EP is achieved only when cells were elongated in the channel. Reproduced from ref 223. Copyright 2020 MDPI under Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. (B) Illustration of a continuous device for enhanced electric field generation at each channel constriction in series.224 Reproduced with permission from ref 224. Copyright 2010 Elsevier. (C) Numerical simulations revealed the expected electric field intensity in a bilaterally converging constriction (left) and straight channel (right).231 The maximum electric field intensity is around 2× higher in a bilaterally converging channel compared to a straight channel. Reproduced with permission from ref 231. Copyright 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry.