Table 1.

Summary of ccRCC risk factors included in this study

Country (ASR per 100,000)		Brazil (4.5)	Canada (10.4)	Czechia (14.4)	Japan (7.6)	Lithuania (14.5)	Poland (8.1)	Romania (7.7)	Russia (10.3)	Serbia (7.4)	Thailand (1.8)	UK (10.3)	Total (4.6)
Total number of cases		96	73	259	36	16	13	64	216	69	5	115	962
Sex	Female	44	22	93	8	9	5	25	98	30	4	42	380
	Male	52	51	166	28	7	8	39	118	39	1	73	582
Age at diagnosis (years)	0–45	15	6	27	3	1	2	6	43	16	0	6	125
	45–55	20	17	51	5	0	6	10	44	11	0	22	186
	55–65	30	17	77	8	9	1	20	91	27	2	41	323
	65–75	24	27	72	13	4	4	20	32	9	2	31	238
	>75	7	6	32	7	2	0	8	6	6	1	15	90
Year of recruitment	1999–2005	0	0	93	0	0	13	14	18	0	0	0	138
	2005–2010	0	0	111	0	0	0	19	70	1	0	31	232
	2010–2015	0	9	55	28	0	0	31	116	68	0	41	348
	2015–2020	96	64	0	8	16	0	0	12	0	5	43	244
Stage	I	28	3	123	24	6	0	33	94	32	0	53	396
	II	2	0	42	1	0	6	12	24	4	0	8	99
	III	16	23	46	6	5	5	18	65	26	0	38	248
	IV	7	10	38	5	2	2	1	33	7	0	16	121
	Missing	43	37	10	0	3	0	0	0	0	5	0	98
BMI	<20	3	2	5	2	0	2	2	9	8	0	6	39
	20–25	21	10	100	25	2	3	17	84	28	3	23	316
	25–30	35	24	85	7	6	6	30	40	20	1	45	299
	>30	37	37	69	2	8	2	14	83	13	1	41	307
	Missing	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
High blood pressure	No	45	28	129	16	5	9	39	125	28	2	58	484
	Yes	51	44	130	20	10	4	24	91	41	3	56	474
	Missing	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	4
Diabetes	No	76	55	130	29	9	0	45	186	61	3	95	689
	Yes	20	16	36	7	7	0	4	12	8	2	20	132
	Missing	0	2	93	0	0	13	15	18	0	0	0	141
Family history of RCC	No	90	42	165	35	16	0	54	192	67	5	102	726
	Yes	5	4	22	1	0	0	1	6	2	0	3	43
	Missing	1	27	72	0	0	13	9	18	0	0	10	193
Tobacco smoking status	Current	23	21	66	9	4	6	11	52	18	1	28	239
	Ex	21	30	62	15	3	3	15	27	15	0	44	235
	Never	52	22	131	11	9	4	37	137	36	4	43	486
	Missing	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2
PFOA (ng ml−1)	Mean (s.d.)	0.7 (0.5)	1.6 (1.1)	3.4 (2.1)		1.3 (0.6)	5.4 (4.1)	1.3 (0.9)	1.5 (1.4)	1.3 (0.6)	2.2 (2.2)	3.3 (1.7)	2.2 (1.9)

PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.