Table 1.

Names and descriptions of the risk item and nine psychometric items used in the Basel Risk Norms and previous literature [e.g., 7, 9, 15]

Name	Item
Risk	How risky or safe is the following?
Voluntary–Involuntary	Are individuals exposed to this risk voluntarily or involuntarily?
Immediate–Delayed	Is death from this risk immediate or delayed?
Known–Unknown	Is this risk known or unknown to the individuals exposed to this risk?
Known–Unknown (Sci.)	Is this risk known or unknown to science?
Controllable–Uncontrollable	Is this risk controllable or uncontrollable for the individual exposed to the risk?
New–Old	Is this risk new or old?
Chronic–Catastrophic	Is this a risk that kills one person at a time (chronic) or a risk that kills large numbers of people at once (catastrophic)?
Calm–Dread	Is this a risk that individuals can reason about calmly or is it one that they have great dread for?
Not-fatal–Fatal	How fatal are the consequences of this risk?