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. 2024 May 22;15:4366. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48838-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a General concept of the MPS blockade. Blocking agent (red), when administered to the bloodstream is eliminated by macrophages thereby saturating them. Subsequently administered therapeutics particles (blue) avert macrophage recognition, have longer blood circulation and better accumulation in target tissues. b Selected strategies for the MPS attenuation. Left to right: elimination of macrophages with toxic compounds; prevention of endosomal processing by molecular inhibitors; shielding of macrophage surface; saturation of receptors by nanoparticles; genetic downregulation of endocytic receptors. Created with BioRender.com.