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. 2024 May 9;11:1393343. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393343

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Copyright © 2024 Liu, Jiang, Hu, Ding, Lee, Korivi, Qian, Li, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of aerobic exercise on the BMP4 signaling pathway in PVAT of rats fed with a high-fat diet. Relative mRNA levels of BMP4 (A), p38 (B), ATF2 (C), PGC1β (D), Smad1 (E), Smad5 (F), and Smad8 (G) in PVAT of rats (n = 6). The data are presented as mean ± SEM. The results are significant compared to the control group (*p < 0.05) and the HFD group (^#p < 0.05).