. 2024 May 9;11:1330907. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1330907

Table 2.

Detailed model performance and treatment recommendation effects.

Model	Total		GTR		SpTR		DRMST^TaR	HR^TaR	DRMST^RST	HR^RST
Model	C-index	IBS	C-index	IBS	C-index	IBS	DRMST^TaR	HR^TaR	DRMST^RST	HR^RST
BDE	–	–	0.64 (0.61–0.66)	0.068 (0.061–0.077)	0.67 (0.65–0.68)	0.068 (0.062–0.077)	5.90 (4.40–7.39) ^***	0.71 (0.65–0.77) ^***	2.54 (0.98–4.09) ^***	0.86 (0.79–0.95) ^**
BITES	–	–	0.63 (0.61–0.65)	0.067 (0.060–0.077)	0.66 (0.65–0.67)	0.069 (0.063–0.078)	4.95 (3.41–6.49) ^***	0.75 (0.69–0.82) ^***	4.12 (2.55–5.69) ^***	0.78 (0.71–0.86) ^***
DeepSurv	0.66 (0.65–0.67)	0.089 (0.084–0.097)	0.61 (0.57–0.62)	0.15 (0.14–0.17)	0.65 (0.65–0.68)	0.094 (0.086–0.107)	4.33 (2.78–5.88) ^***	0.78 (0.71–0.85) ^***	5.08 (3.55–6.61) ^***	0.74 (0.68–0.81) ^***
CPH	0.68 (0.67–0.69)	0.066 (0.062–0.071)	0.64 (0.61–0.66)	0.104 (0.093–0.114)	0.68 (0.66–0.69)	0.070 (0.063–0.077)	3.64 (2.07–5.21) ^***	0.81 (0.74–0.89) ^***	3.26 (1.69–4.83) ^***	0.83 (0.75–0.91) ^***
RSF	0.61 (0.60–0.62)	0.066 (0.062–0.071)	0.62 (0.60–0.65)	0.107 (0.096–0.118)	0.65 (0.64–0.66)	0.071 (0.063–0.079)	3.03 (1.51–4.56) ^***	0.83 (0.76–0.91) ^***	3.22 (1.54–4.89) ^***	0.83 (0.76–0.92) ^***

***p-value<0.001; **p-value<0.01; *p-value<0.05. DRMST, the difference of restricted mean survival time within 5 years between two groups; HR, hazards ratio calculated by the univariate Cox proportional hazard model. C-index, concordance index; IBS, integrated brier score. TaR, calculated individual treatment effect using survival time when the mortality rate is 50%; RST, calculated individual treatment effect using individual restricted mean survival time within 5 years. Total, model trained on overall patients; GTR, gross total resection group; SpTR, supra maximum total resection group. BDE, Balanced Decision Ensembles; BITES, Balanced Individual Treatment Effect for Survival data; CPH, Cox proportional hazards model; RSF, random survival forest.