Table 3.
Brain cancer-specific survival outcomes in each recommended group.
| Model | Rec. | Anti-rec. | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMST | MST | SaT | RMST | MST | SaT | ||
| BDETaR | 22.55 (21.35–23.74) | 16 (16–18) | 11.63 (9.60–14.09) | 16.65 (15.76–17.55) | 11 (10–12) | 7.32 (5.96–8.99) | <0.0001*** |
| BDERST | 20.74 (19.46–22.01) | 15 (14–16) | 11.81 (7.78–12.45) | 18.20 (17.32–19.09) | 12 (12–13) | 8.69 (7.29–10.36) | 0.0020** |
| BITESTaR | 22.18 (20.91–23.44) | 16 (15–18) | 11.90 (9.77–14.50) | 17.22 (16.35–18.11) | 12 (11–13) | 7.41 (6.07–9.04) | <0.0001*** |
| BITESRST | 21.74 (20.44–23.05) | 16 (14–17) | 11.67 (9.49–14.36) | 17.63 (16.76–18.50) | 12 (11–13) | 7.70 (6.37–9.32) | <0.0001*** |
| DeepSurvTaR | 21.84 (20.57–23.12) | 16 (14–17) | 11.21 (9.10–13.80) | 17.51 (16.63–18.39) | 12 (11–13) | 7.88 (6.51–9.53) | <0.0001*** |
| DeepSurvRST | 22.22 (20.97–23.47) | 16 (15–18) | 12.11 (9.99–14.67) | 17.15 (16.26–18.03) | 12 (11–13) | 7.24 (5.90–8.88) | <0.0001*** |
| CPHTaR | 21.47 (20.16–22.77) | 16 (14–17) | 11.10 (8.95–13.77) | 17.83 (16.96–18.70) | 12 (12–13) | 8.05 (6.69–9.68) | <0.0001*** |
| CPHRST | 21.24 (19.34–22.54) | 16 (14–17) | 10.68 (8.56–13.33) | 17.98 (17.11–18.86) | 12 (12–13) | 8.29 (6.92–9.94) | <0.0001*** |
| RSFTaR | 20.97 (19.74–22.21) | 15 (14–16) | 10.79 (8.76–13.29) | 17.94 (17.04–18.84) | 12 (12–13) | 8.08 (6.68–9.76) | <0.0001*** |
| RSFRST | 21.39 (19.94–22.83) | 15 (14–16) | 10.82 (8.48–13.80) | 18.17 (17.33–19.01) | 13 (12–13) | 8.40 (7.07–9.97) | 0.0003*** |
***p-value<0.001, **p-value<0.01,*p-value<0.05. Rec., patients’ treatment consistent with models’ recommendation; Anti-rec., patients’ treatment inconsistent with models’ recommendation. RMST, restricted mean survival time within 5 years; MST, median survival time (months); SaT, survival probability at 5 years (%); p-value, p-value of the log-rank test; TaR, calculated individual treatment effect using survival time when the mortality rate was 50%; RST, calculated individual treatment effect using individual restricted mean survival time within 5 years. BDE, Balanced Decision Ensembles; BITES, Balanced Individual Treatment Effect for Survival data; CPH, Cox proportional hazards; RSF, random survival forest.