Table 1.

Traditional uses of various Commelina species' components for medical purposes.

Species	Plant Part used	Mode Of use	Ailments	The country's Traditionally used Commelina species	Reference (s)
Commelina benghalensis L	NA	NA	Jaundice, headache, constipation, leprosy, fever, snakebite, mouth thrush, insanity, epilepsy, mental illness, emollient	Indian	[14]
Commelina benghalensis L	NA	NA	Diuretic, febrifuge, antiepilepsy, antifungal for mouth thrush, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory	China	[15]
Commelina benghalensis L.	NA	NA	Leprosy, laxative, and inflammation	Pakistan	[16]
Commelina benghalensis L.	Stem	NA	Wound healing	Cameroon,	[17]
Commelina benghalensis L.	NA	NA	Infertility in women	Lesotho	[17]
Commelina benghalensis L.	NA	NA	Sore feet, sore throat, burns, eye complaints, and leprosy	Ghana	[18]
Commelina benghalensis L.	Flower	In the form of juice	Eye problem	Zanzibar	[17]
Commelina benghalensis L.	Plant sap	NA	Ophthalmia, sore throat, and burns	East Africa	[17]
Commelina benghalensis L.	Whole plant	Crushed and packed into the skin or over a wound	Wound ecbolic	Uganda	[19]
Commelina benghalensis	stem	NA	to perform abortions	Uganda	[20]
Commelina communis L.	Leaves	NA	Diabetes mellitus	Korea	[21]
Commelina communis L.	NA	NA	Wind-heat type common cold, sore throat, fever, dropsy, diuretic, acute tonsillitis, urinary infections, dysentery, acute intestinal enteritis, and obesity	China	[7,21]
Commelina diffusa Burm.f.	Leaves, Stem	NA	Abscess, boils, malaria, insect, snake, and bug bites, edema, laryngitis, sore throats, acute tonsillitis, otitis media	In Asia, Africa, and America	[22]
Commelina diffusa	Leaves	Crushed and applied topically	Abscesses, wounds, and painful joints along with dermatitis, burns, snake bites, or insect stings in, Urinary tract infections, swellings, inflammation, diarrhea	China	[23,24]
Commelina diffusa	stem	Stem juice	laryngitis and sore throats acute tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, and nose bleeding	China	[24]
Commelina diffusa	NA	NA	Hemorrhoids, an irritated uterus, laryngitis, leprosy, malaria, mumps, otitis media, painful menses, pharyngitis, rheumatoid arthritis, sore throats, snake bites, tonsillitis, and tumors	Nepal	[24]
Commelina diffusa	NA	NA	as a refrigerant and tonic to heal stomach and groin ailments	Egypt	[24]
Commelina diffusa	Leaves	Crushed and applied topically	Urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, enteritis, and hemorrhoids	In Africa, America, and some parts of Asia	[23]
Commelina nudiflora L.	Leaves	NA	Swelling of the groin, for dressing wounds after circumcision	Sirraleon	[25]
Commelina coelestis Willd.	NA	NA	Diarrhea	Mexico	[26]
Commelina appendiculata C.B.Clarke	Whole plant	NA	Cats and dogs bite	Bangladesh	[27,28]
Commelina erecta L	stems and leaves	NA	sore throat, eye infections and inflammations, wound healing, and dermatological problems, but also in women's infertility, diabetes, rheumatism, hypertension, and diarrhea	tropical America and Brazil,	[29]
C. latifolia	fresh leave	The fresh leaves of C. latifolia crushed and the wound area is covered with crushed leave	prevent wound-induced pain and inflammation	Ethiopia	[6]
Commelina africana	leaves	the macerate of the leaves	dermatitis, itchy skin rashes, burns, skin aging, stings	DR Congo,	[29]

Note: NA=Not specified.