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. 2024 May 8;9(20):22003–22015. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10409

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© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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(a) Selected snapshots of a nanofluid droplet impacting on the cold elastic PM1 superhydrophobic surface (−5 °C) at a velocity of 1.4 m/s. (b) Selected snapshots of a nanofluid droplet impacting on the cold elastic PM2 superhydrophobic surface (−5 °C) at a velocity of 1.4 m/s. (c) Selected snapshots of a nanofluid droplet impacting on the cold rigid PDMS superhydrophobic surface (−5 °C) at a velocity of 1.4 m/s. (d) Comparison of spreading ratio D_max/D₀ of the nanofluid droplet and the DI water droplet on the cold elastic PDMS superhydrophobic surfaces (−5 °C) with various stiffness at a velocity of 1.4 m/s. (e) Contact time of the nanofluid droplet and the DI water droplet on the cold elastic PDMS superhydrophobic surfaces (−5 °C) with various stiffness at a velocity of 1.4 m/s.