Table 1. Impact of Trans-Chalcone on the Biochemical Parameters in the CFA-Induced Arthritis Model^a.

parameter	normal control	disease control	trans-chalcone 30 mg	trans-chalcone 60 mg	trans-chalcone 120 mg	standard 5 mg
creatinine (mg/dL)	0.58 ± 0.031	0.83 ± 0.061##	0.78 ± 0.048	0.75 ± 0.043	0.62 ± 0.060*	0.72 ± 0.048
urea (mg/dL)	23.03 ± 1.294	35.67 ± 3.095##	29.33 ± 1.961	30.33 ± 2.929	28.91 ± 1.886	26.17 ± 2.469*
ALT (U/L)	64.57 ± 5.038	85.52 ± 7.801#	71.68 ± 3.497	67.45 ± 1.589*	66.50 ± 2.964*	64.68 ± 3.751*
AST (U/L)	70.03 ± 4.654	185.20 ± 4.958###	154.3 ± 11.38*	152.5 ± 9.586*	150.0 ± 8.054*	151.6 ± 5.108*
ALP (U/L)	313.2 ± 35.05	566.0 ± 40.13##	484.8 ± 57.97	467.3 ± 48.87	333.2 ± 36.38**	403.7 ± 31.94*
ESR (mm/h)	9.33 ± 0.42	13.33 ± 0.61##	11.00 ± 1.29	10.00 ± 0.82*	9.83 ± 0.65*	9.50 ± 0.96*
CRP (mg/L)	0.405 ± 0.068	0.810 ± 0.115##	0.557 ± 0.064	0.505 ± 0.075*	0.490 ± 0.061*	0.507 ± 0.046*
RF (IU/mL)	1.615 ± 0.151	2.545 ± 0.174##	2.045 ± 0.239	1.940 ± 0.217	1.822 ± 0.154*	1.832 ± 0.122*

^aResults are stated as the mean with SEM (n = 6). Significance levels: # indicates p < 0.05, ## indicates p < 0.01, and ### indicates p < 0.001 in comparison to the normal control’ * denotes p < 0.05 and ** denotes p < 0.01 vs the disease control. The statistical test used was one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett test.