Table 2.

Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

	Unadjusted OR	P-value	Adjusted OR	P-value
Age
15–19 years	Reference		Reference
20–29 years	1.61 (1.41–1.83)	<0.001	1.71 (1.48–1.97)	<0.001
30–39 years	0.85 (0.73–0.99)	<0.001	0.91 (0.77–1.07)	<0.001
40–44 years	0.21 (0.16–0.26)	<0.001	0.22 (0.17–0.29)	<0.001
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	Reference		Reference
Non-Hispanic Black	1.54 (1.35–1.75)	0.07	1.32 (1.15–1.51)	0.74
Hispanic	1.82 (1.60–2.06)	<0.001	1.72 (1.50–1.98)	<0.001
Non-Hispanic Other	1.39 (1.11–1.74)	0.90	1.43 (1.13–1.81)	0.45
Payment source
Private insurance	Reference		Reference
Public insurance	1.36 (1.21–1.52)	<0.001	1.24 (1.10–1.39)	<0.001
Self-pay	0.85 (0.73–0.99)	<0.001	0.74 (0.63–0.87)	<0.001
Other	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.89	0.90 (0.74–1.08)	0.53
Unknown	1.02 (0.85–1.23)	0.73	0.91 (0.75–1.10)	0.64
Residence
Private residence	Reference		Reference
Homeless	0.51 (0.27–0.99)	0.13	0.60 (0.31–1.18)	0.21
Other	0.68 (0.39–1.17)	0.60	0.77 (0.44–1.35)	0.71
Unknown	1.00 (0.71–1.39)	0.12	1.10 (0.74–1.65)	0.17
ED visit day
Weekend	0.99 (0.90–1.09)	0.86	0.97 (0.88–1.08)	0.60
Weekday	Reference		Reference
ED visit season
Fall	Reference		Reference
Winter	1.14 (0.96–1.36)	0.29	1.14 (0.95–1.38)	0.33
Spring	1.05 (0.88–1.26)	0.72	1.04 (0.87–1.25)	0.52
Summer	1.11 (0.94–1.31)	0.50	1.14 (0.95–1.38)	0.25
Geographic region
Northeast	Reference		Reference
Midwest	1.20 (1.01–1.43)	0.21	1.28 (1.09–1.52)	0.02
South	1.16 (0.95–1.42)	0.55	1.26 (1.04–1.52)	0.09
West	1.12 (0.95–1.32)	0.98	1.03 (0.86–1.22)	0.09
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
MSA	1.47 (1.22–1.76)	<0.001	1.41 (1.18–1.67)	<0.001
Non-MSA	Reference		Reference

OR, odds ratio; ED, emergency department.