Table 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Group | Early progressive mobilization | Early progressive upright positioning | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (n) | 33 | 32 | |
| Age, Mean ± SD | 53.42 ± 20.52 | 50.78 ± 20.21 | 0.603a |
| Height, Mean ± SD | 166.73 ± 8.33 | 163.81 ± 8.46 | 0.167a |
| Weight, Mean ± SD | 68.43 ± 14.41 | 67.61 ± 10.07 | 0.792a |
| Male, n (%) | 22 (66.7%) | 21 (65%) | 0.929b |
| Glasgow Coma Scale arrived in emergency room, Median (IQR) | 9 (7, 13) | 9 (8, 12) | 0.801c |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, Median (IQR) | 2 (0, 4) | 1 (0, 3) | 0.598c |
| Injury Severity Score, Median (IQR) | 24 (20, 29) | 29 (24, 34) | 0.051c |
| Type of injury | 0.181b | ||
| TBI, n (%) | 11 (33.3%) | 6 (18.8%) | |
| TBI with associated injury, n (%) | 22 (66.7%) | 26 (81.3%) | |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.585b | ||
| Motor vehicle accident, n (%) | 24 (72.7%) | 22 (68.8%) | |
| Fall, n (%) | 9 (27.3%) | 9 (28.1%) | |
| Violence, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.1%) | |
| Self-harm, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Intracranial pressure monitoring, n (%) | 17 (51.5%) | 14 (43.8%) | 0.531b |
| External Ventricular Drainage, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0) | 0.321b |
| Craniotomy, n (%) | 10 (30.3%) | 12 (37.5%) | 0.540b |
| Intubation (Hypoxemia), n (%) | 25 (75.8%) | 29 (90.6%) | 0.110b |
| Pupil dilation arrived in emergency room, n (%) | 5 (15.2%) | 4 (12.5%) | 0.757b |
| Time to first rehabilitation intervention (days), mean ± SD | 2.05 ± 1.02 | 2.03 ± 0.88 | 0.927a |
| Time to first out-of-bed mobilization (days), mean ± SD | 4.31 ± 1.25 | 12.98 ± 6.19 | < 0.001a* |
SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range
aAnalyzed by Student independent t-test
bAnalyzed by Chi-square test
cAnalyzed by Mann–Whitney U test
*Significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05)