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Simplified model for the impact of heat shock, small gold nanospheres, and gold nanoflowers on nuclei and nucleoli. Mild heat shock alters the morphology and function of nucleoli (green); these changes are reversible when cells recover from stress. By contrast, small gold nanospheres and nanoflowers cause severe damage, leading to changes in the morphology of nuclei (blue), nucleoli and nucleolar function. This GNP-induced damage is persistent and further exacerbated by heat
