Fig. 9.

Effect of GNPs on nucleolar RNA synthesis in HuMEC. EU incorporation was quantified in HuMEC incubated with vehicle or GNPs at 37 °C (green bars) as described for Fig. 7. For comparison, de novo RNA synthesis was measured for vehicle-treated samples at 43 °C (red bar). Significant differences were identified by one-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test; the vehicle-treated non-stress sample served as reference (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). Size bar is 20 μm. A significant increase in new nucleolar RNA synthesis was detected for cells exposed to heat shock or big gold nanospheres