Table 1.

List of the known damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

	TLRs [19]							RAGE [21]	P2Y1,2,4,6,11–14 and P2X1-7 [8]	P2X7 [118]	CD36 [7]	AGE-R1–3 [6]
	TLR1	TLR2	TLR3	TLR4	TLR7	TLR8	TLR9
Proteins
S100A8, S100A9				Ѵ [52]				Ѵ [119, 120]			Ѵ [121]
S100A1–A2, S100A4–A7, S100A12–A13, S100B, S100P								Ѵ [21, 122]
HMGB1 (often in complex with other molecules; CpG-DNA, IL-1β, LPS…)		Ѵ [123]		Ѵ [123]			Ѵ [124, 125]	Ѵ [126, 127]
Heat shock proteins; HSP22, 60, 70, Gp96		Ѵ [128–131]		Ѵ [128–130, 132, 133]
Galectins		Ѵ [84]
Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin		Ѵ [70]
Fibronectin				Ѵ [77]
Tenascin-C				Ѵ [94, 95]							Ѵ [96]
AGEs (incl. N-(carboxymethyl)lysine, methylglyoxal…)								Ѵ [134]			Ѵ [135]	Ѵ [6]
Fibrinogen				Ѵ [136, 137]
Amyloid β peptide								Ѵ [138]
β-Defensins	Ѵ [110]	Ѵ [110]		Ѵ [109]
Annexin A2				Ѵ [139]
Thymosin α1							Ѵ [140, 141]
Surfactant protein A, D		Ѵ [59–61]		Ѵ [58, 59, 61, 62]
Antiphospholipid antibodies		Ѵ [142]		Ѵ [143]	Ѵ [144]	Ѵ [144]
Neutrophil elastase				Ѵ [145]
Lactoferrin				Ѵ [146]
Fatty acids, lipoproteins
Serum amyloid A		Ѵ [147]		Ѵ [148]				Ѵ [138, 149]		Ѵ [150, 151]	Ѵ [152]
Low density lipoproteins				Ѵ [153, 154]
Saturated fatty acids				Ѵ [155]
Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (ECM components)
Hyaluronan		Ѵ [156]		Ѵ [157]
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans				Ѵ [158]				Ѵ [159]
Biglycan		Ѵ [160, 161]		Ѵ [160, 161]					Ѵ [160]
Versican		Ѵ [162]
Nucleic acids
mRNA			Ѵ [163]
Small nuclear RNA					Ѵ [164]	Ѵ [164]
IgG–chromatin complexes							Ѵ [165]
Nucleotides
Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides									Ѵ [166, 167]	Ѵ [166, 167]

Ѵ indicates that the respective DAMP acts as a ligand on the corresponding receptor(s)