Table 1.
Examples of classes of non-coding RNAs
| Class | Description | References |
|---|---|---|
| A) Small ncRNAs | ||
| miRNAs | Small ncRNAs involved with RISC complex in post-transcriptional silencing of protein-coding genes | [182, 183] |
| Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) | Small-ncRNA often linked to both post-transcriptional and epigenetic gene silencing of retro-transposons | [184] |
| tiRNAs | Tiny RNAs associated with transcription start sites | [185] |
| Enhancer-like long ncRNAs | lncRNAs displaying enhancer activity, mainly for genes regulating development and differentiation | [186] |
| snoRNAs | Small nucleolar RNAs implicated principally in directing chemical modifications of other RNAs | [187] |
| PROMPTs | Promoter upstream transcripts located upstream of active transcription start sites | [4] |
| TSSa-RNAs | Transcription start site-associated ncRNAs probably linked to the maintenance of gene transcription | [188] |
| B) Long ncRNAs | ||
| T-UCR | Non-coding RNAs transcribed from ultra-conserved regions | [189] |
| NATs | Natural antisense transcripts located in intergenic regions and organized in antisense with protein-coding genes | [190] |
| lincRNAs | Long intergenic non-coding RNAs generally associated post-transcriptional silencing by blocking protein production | [191] |
| ceRNAs | Competing endogenous ncRNAs involved in modulating RNA transcripts by competing for microRNAs | [56] |