Table 4.
Toxin | Toxin family | Species | Function | Receptor/target | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TNP-c | Natriuretic peptides | O. microlepidotus | Congestive heart failure | NPR-A | [21] |
Crotamine | β-Defensins | C. d. terrificus | Cationic probe/molecule delivery | Cell/nucleus | [72] |
Textlinin-1 (Q8008) | Kunitz peptides | P. textilis | Perioperative bleeding | Plasmin | [89] |
Omwaprin | Waprins | O. microlepidotus | Antibacterial | Gram +ve bacteria | [95] |
α-Bungarotoxin | Neurotoxic 3FTxs | B. multicinctus | Muscle and neuronal AChR | α1, α7 AChR | [190] |
β-Cardiotoxin CTX27 | Cytotoxic 3FTxs | O. hannah | β-Adrenergic receptor blockers-heart failure | β-adrenergic receptor | [131] |
Contortrostatin | Disintegrins | A. c. contortrix | Tumour growth, angiogenesis, metastasis | αIIbβ3, αVβ3, αVβ5, α5β1 integrins | [191] |
Crotoxin | PLA2s | C. d. terrificus | Anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tumour, analgesic | Multiple targets | [184] |