Phylogenetic trees of ATX (a), and LIPH/LIPI (b). For each family, closest outgroups [ENPP, phosphatidylserine-specific PLA1 (PLA1A), hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (LIPC), endothelial lipase (LIPG), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)] were selected based on preceding analyses [6, 62, 65]. The amino acid sequences of ATX, or LIPH and LIPI of various vertebrates were used to infer phylogenetic trees, as described in Fig. 3 legend. The GenBank accession numbers and EMBL protein ID numbers for ATX or LIPH and LIPI used in this analysis are shown in the parenthesis. Designation of LIPH and LIPI is based on the gene deposited in the database. Bootstrap values are indicated above each branch of the tree. The percentage aa identities shown on the right were determined by using the homology search tool of the software GENETYX-MAC®. For ATX, full length (FL) and a catalytic domain (CD) corresponding to the region of aa 161–540 of human ATX were used for the analysis. fl fly, la lamprey, me medaka, pu pufferfish, ze zebrafish, xel
Xenopus lavies, gr green sea turtle, mo mouse, hu human