Table 3.

LPA receptor-mediated functions revealed in genetically modified mouse, zebrafish, and frog

Receptor subtype	Species	Function	References
LPA1	Mouse Zebrafish	Brain development, psychiatric function, pain transmission, fibrosis, vascular formation Vascular formation	[1, 2, 39] [13, 43]
LPA2 LPA2a	Mouse Zebrafish	Synaptic transmission, vascular formation in concert with LPA1 Unknown	[14, 42]
LPA3	Mouse Zebrafish	Embryo implantation, spermatogenesis in concert with LPA1 and LPA2 Left–right asymmetry	[15, 47] [46]
LPA4	Mouse Zebrafish	Vasculogenesis, lymphogenesis, osteogenesis Vasculogenesis in concert with LPA1	[16] [13]
LPA5	Mouse Frog	Pain transmission Embryogenesis (?)	[17] [24]
LPA6	Mouse Frog	Hair development Forebrain development	[54] [56]