Table 2.
Main neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the innervation of orofacial organs
| Neurotransmitter | Main receptors | Action site |
|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | nAchR, mAchR | CNS; sympathetic, parasympathetic NS; motoneurons at neuromuscular junction |
| Biogenic amines | ||
| Norepinephrine | α, β adrenergic receptors | CNS; sympathetic NS |
| Epinephrine | α, β adrenergic receptors | CNS; sympathetic NS |
| Dopamine | D1-like, D2-like receptors | CNS; PNS |
| Serotonin (5-HT) | 5-HT receptors | CNS; PNS |
| Amino acids | ||
| GABA | GABAA, GABAB | CNS; PNS |
| Glycine | GlyR, NMDAR | CNS; PNS |
| Glutamate | NMDAR, kainate receptors, AMPAR, mGluR | CNS; PNS |
| Neuropeptides | ||
| Substance P | NK1 receptor | CNS; PNS |
| NPY | Y1–Y5 receptors | CNS; PNS |
| CGRP | CALCLR, RAMP1 | CNS; PNS |