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Signals required for IL1 and IL18 release in IAV-infected macrophages TLR7/8 senses influenza and initiates pro-IL-1β (and pro-IL18) synthesis (Signal 1). NLRP3 senses modification of ionic concentration mediated by the viral M2 protein upon IAV infection leading to the assembly of the complex NLRP3/ASC and caspase-1, which is then activated. Caspase1 activation cleaves the immature cytokines into mature IL1 and IL18
