Table 1.
Transposon transgenesis approaches in livestock
| Transposon | Species | Construct | Antibiotic selection | Overall efficiency* | Expression pattern | Unspecific integrations | Germline transmission generations | Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleeping Beauty | Rabbit | CAGGS-Venus | AB-free | 1.4 % | Ubiquitous | No | F0, F1, F2 | PNI | [258] |
| Pig | CAGGS-Venus | AB-free | 6.8 % | Ubiquitous | ~5 % | F0, F1, F2 | CPI | [65] | |
| Pig | floxedUbi-GIN | G418 | NA | Ubiquitous | ~25 % | F0 | SCNT (HMC) | [13] | |
| Pig | DIV PuroΔtk APOBEC3G | Puromycin | ~3 % | Ubiquitous | No | F0 | CT | [87] | |
| Pig | INV-hITGA2/NV-hITGB1 | G418 | NA | Keratinocyte | ND | F0. | SCNT (HMC) | [259] | |
| Pig | HCR-hAAT-D374Y-PCSk9 | Puromycin | NA | Liver | ND | F0 | SCNT (HMC) | [260] | |
| PiggyBac | Chicken | CAGGS-EGFP-IRES-Puro | Puromycin | NA | Ubiquitous | ND | Prefounder, F1 | PGC transfection in vitro | [261] |
| Chicken | CMV-EGFP SV40-Neo | G418 | 49.6 % | Ubiquitous | ND | Prefounder, F1, F2 | PGC transfection in vitro | [262] | |
| Chicken | IRES-LacZ-CAGGS-EGFP-PGK-Neo | G418 | NA | Ubiquitous | ND | Prefounder | Embryo microinjection and electroporation | [263] | |
| Pig | CMV-Neo-EGFP | G418 | 1.3 % | Ubiquitous | ND | F0 | SCNT | [111] | |
| Pig | CAA–tdTomato | AB-free | 7.0 % | Eye lens | 5 % | F0 | CPI | Unpub. (KW) | |
| Pig | CAGGS-EGFP, SV40-Hygro | none | 5.7 % | Ubiquitous | ND | F0 | CPI | [106] | |
| Tol2 | Chicken | CAGGS-EGFP-IRES-Puro | Puromycin | NA | Ubiquitous | ND | Prefounder | PGC transfection in vitro | [261] |
| Chicken | CAGGS-EGFP | AB-free | 1.5 % | Ubiquitous | ND | Prefounder, F1 | PGC transfection in vivo | [264] |
AB-free antibiotic selection marker-free, NA Efficiencies as transgenic offspring per treated embryos are not applicable, ND not determined, CAGGS cytomegalovirus early enhancer/chicken beta-actin promoter, CMV cytomegalo virus (immediate early) promoter, Ubi ubiquitin C promoter, SV40 simian virus 40 promoter, DIV diverse promoters were tested, PGK phosphoglycerate kinase promoter, CAA crystallin Aα promoter, GIN EGFP-IRES-neomycin, APOBEC3G apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, INV involucrin promoter, hITGB1 human beta1 integrin, hD374-PCSK9 D374Y gain-of-function mutation in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, HCR-hAAT hepatocyte control region and human α1-antitrypsin promoter, hITGA2 human Integrin α2 (CD49b), HMC hand made cloning, PGC primordial germ cell
* Transgenic offspring per treated oocytes or embryos