Fig. 2.

Known inflammasomes. The four known inflammasomes are depicted. NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM2 all indirectly recruit and thereby activate caspase-1 through the bridging molecule ASC. IPAF has been shown to activate caspase-1 independent of ASC, yet there are several reports that stress the requirement for ASC in this process. Apart from this controversy, the exact role of NOD2 and caspase-5 in the NLRP1 inflammasome has to be elucidated and the interaction of NAIP5 with NLRC4 also needs additional clarification