Table 2.
Survey of recombinantly expressed spidroin fragments
| Host | Origin | Protein description | Terminal domains | Functionalizations | Protein size (kDa) | Biocompatibility studies | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prokaryotes | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | Synthetic silk like protein | Synthetic repeats | No | 76–89 | No | [127] | |
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, MaSp2 | No | 11–41 | No | [49] | ||
| Not specified | Repeats from MaSp2 | No | 31–112 | No | [79] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, MaSp2 | No | 65–163 | No | [48] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Gly-rich repeats | No | 9–20 | No | [52] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Natural C-terminal part | CT | 43 | No | [47] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | Met, phosphorylation site for cAPK | 25 | No | [50, 54, 65, 89] | |
| Nephila clavipes | Gly-rich repeats from flagelliform | No | 25 | No | [55] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, MaSp2 | ±CT | 43–56 | No | [53] | ||
| Araneus diadematus | Repeats from ADF3, ADF4 | ±CT | 34–60 | No | [78] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, MaSp2 | ±CT | 20–56 | No | [64] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | Not specified | No | [56] | ||
| Silk-like protein | Gly-rich repeats and Ala-blocks | No | 18–36 | No | [128] | ||
| Nephila edulis | Natural C-terminal parts, MaSp1, MaSp2 | ±CT | 10 | No | [129] | ||
| Araneus diadematus | Repeats from ADF3, ADF4 | ±CT | 48–106 | No | [51, 58, 60, 63, 81 –85, 99, 105] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | R5 | 45 | No | [66] | |
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | CRGD | 48 | hMSC | [59] | |
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | CDMP1 | 49–60 | No | [61] | |
| Euprosthenops australis | Natural C-terminal part from MaSp1 | ±CT, ± NT | Cys | 10–24 | HEK 293 cells, human primary fibroblasts, in vivo (rats) | [11, 32, 33, 90–93] | |
| Nephila clavipes | No | [96] | |||||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, blended with regenerated bombyx | No | CRGD | 48 | 3T3 cells | [114] | |
| Arigiope aurantia | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 63–71 | No | [9, 62] | ||
| Nephila antipodiana | Repeats and terminal domains from TuSp1 | ±CT, ± NT | 12–15 | No | [88] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from flagelliform | ±CT | 14–94 | No | [130] | ||
| Salmonella typhimurium | Araneus diadematus | Repeats from ADF1, ADF2, ADF3 | CT | 30–56 | No | [131] | |
| Eukaryotes | |||||||
| Pichia pastoris | Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 65 | No | [67] | |
| Silk-like protein | Synthetic silk-like repeat | No | 28–32 | No | [68] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 94–113 | No | [86] | ||
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 94 | 3T3 cells | [87] | ||
| Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) potato (solanum tuberosum) | Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 100xELP | 13–100 | human chondrocytes, CHO-K1 | [80, 100] |
| Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) | Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, MaSp2 | CT | 60 | No | [69] | |
| Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp2 | CT | ±ELP-tag | 65 | No | [132] | |
| Arabidopsis | Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1, MaSp2 | No | 64 | No | [97] | |
| Mammalian cells (MAC-T, BHK) | Araneus diadematus, Nephila clavipes | Natural C-terminal part from ADF3, MaSp1, MaSp2 | CT | 60–140 | No | [70] | |
| Mammalian cells (COS1) | Euprosthenops sp | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 22 | No | [133] | |
| Insect cells (Spodoptera fruiperda) | Araneus diadematus | Natural C-terminal part from ADF3, ADF4 | CT | 35–56 | No | [73] | |
| Araneus diadematus | Natural C-terminal part from ADF3, ADF4 | ±CT | 50–60 | No | [74, 134, 135] | ||
| Araneus ventricosus | Natural C-terminal part from Av Flag | CT | 28 | No | [136] | ||
| Ovary derived cell lines (Bombyx mori) | Nephila clavipes | Repeats from flagelliform | No | 37 | No | [137] | |
| Nephila clavata | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | GFP | 70 | No | 75] | |
| Transgenic animals | |||||||
| Mammary glands of mice | Nephila clavipes | Repeats from MaSp1 | 31–66 | No | [71] | ||
| Salvary glands of Bombyx mori | Nephila clavata | Repeats from MaSp1 | No | 70 | No | [76] | |
CT C-terminal domain, NT N-terminal domain, Met methionine, cAPK cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, R5 peptide derived from the silaffin protein of Cylindrotheca fusiformis, CRGD Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, CDMP1 carboxyl terminal domain of dentin matrix protein 1, Cys cysteine, ELP elastin-like peptide, GFP green fluorescent protein, hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells, HEK human embryonic kidney, 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast line, CHO-K1 Chinese hamster ovary cell line; MaSp Major ampullate spidroin, ADF Araneus diadematus fibroin