Table 1.

Co-repressor complexes in various types of cancer

Complex	Members	Function	Interactions	Cancer	References
NCoR/SMRT	NCoR/SMRT, HDAC1,3,7, TBL1, GP52 TAK1, CORO2A	Histone deacetylase	Nuclear receptors, AP-1, NF-κB, ETO, MYOD, MAD/MXI, CBF, TFIIB	Prostate, breast, bladder, colorectal, endometrial, astrocytoma, leukemia	[5, 11, 13]
CoREST	CoREST, HDAC1/2, BHC80, BRAF35, LSD1	Histone deacetylase, histone demethylase	REST, ZNF217, SWI/SNF, CTBP	Prostate, breast, colorectal	[11, 27, 32]
CTBP	CTBP, HDAC1/2, LSD1, Polycomb group proteins, NADH dehydrogenase	Histone deacetylase, histone demethylase	INK4a, INK4b, E-cadherin, PTEN, PERP, BAX, p21, Noxa, CoREST	Colorectal, breast, hepatocellular	[11, 33, 34]
SIN3A,B	SIN3A,B, HDAC1/2, BRMS1, RbAp4, RbAp7, SAP18, SAP30, ING1/2, SD53	Histone deacetylase	SIN3A: SMRT, MeCP2 SIN3B: CIITA, E2F-Rb Both: Mad1, KLF repressors, REST, ESET	Breast, NSCLC	[37, 38, 41]
SWI/SNF	BRM, BRG1, BAF47, BAF155, BAF170, BAF250A (ARID1A), BAF250B (ARID1B), BAF180, BAF200, BRD7	ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, histone deacetylase recruitment	AP-1, steroid receptors, CoREST, MYC, p53, Rb, OCT4, SOX2, INK4a, EZH2, RHOA, ROCK1, Hedgehog, IFNB, CDKN1A (p21), SMAD3	Breast, colorectal, pancreatic, melanoma, bladder, renal, lung, ovarian clear cell and endometrioid, uterine endometrioid	[11, 43, 45–47]
NURD	CHD3, CHD4, HDAC1, HDAC2, LSD1, MBD2, MDB3, MTA1, MTA2, MTA3, RBBP4, RBBP7, GATAD2A, GATAD2B	ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, histone deacetylase, histone demethylase	ER, TWIST, SNAIL, BCL, JUN, PML–RAR, INK4, Rb, BRCA, MYC, HER2, HIF1, p53, PAX	Breast, colorectal, gastric, esophageal, endometrial, pancreatic, ovarian, lung, leukemia, lymphoma	[49–52]
PRAME	Unknown	Recruitment of EZH2	RAR in the presence of RA	Melanoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, head and neck, breast	[9]
PRC	PRC1: RING1a, RING1, CBX2, CBX4, CBX7, CBX8, BMI1, MEL18, BLR, NSPC1, PHC1, PHC2, PHC3 PRC2: EZH2, EZH1, EED, RBBP4, BBP7, PCL1, PCL2, PCL3, JARID2	PRC1: histone monoubiquitylation PRC2: histone methylation	RNA Pol II, DNA methyltransferases, PML–RAR, PZLF–RAR, ARF, INK4b, INK4a, Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch	Bladder, breast, prostate, squamous cell carcinomas, leukemia, neuroblastoma, colorectal	[56]