Figure 4.

Phenotype of the csld3-1 mutant visualized by stereomicroscope (A, B, M, and N), differential interference optics (E and F), confocal microscope after propidium iodide (PI) staining (C, D, and G–L), and by dark-field microscope (O and P). Wild-type (A) and mutant 4-d-old seedlings (B); root-hypocotyl junction of wild type (C) and of mutant 4- to 7-d-old seedlings germinated in vitro (D); E, wild-type root hair initiation (E1) and elongation at consecutive positions along the apical-basal axis (E2–E4); F, mutant root hair initiation (F1) and elongation at consecutive positions along the apical-basal axis (F2–F6). Tip growth is illustrated in F1 and F3, leaking root hair tips in F2 and F5, and highly vacuolated root hairs in F4 and F6. G, Wild-type elongating root hair; H–L, mutant root hairs: root hair initiation zone (K), root hair elongation zone (G, H, and L), root hair differentiation zone (I and J), reduced root hair growth (H–J), bulges are indicated by arrowheads (I and L), cytoplasm leakage at the root hair tip is indicated by arrows (F2, F5, H, and L), wavy root hair (H and I), and branched root hairs (J). Additional growing points are indicated with asterisks (J); cells in root hair files of the mutant are stained with PI (indicated by white arrowhead) at the beginning of the differentiation zone (K); root hairs from callus of wild type (M) and mutant (N); pollen tube growth in stigma of wild type (O) and mutant (P). c, Callose plugs; h, hypocotyl; r, primary root. The bar in the upper left corner represents 1.6 mm (A, B), 500 μm (M, N), 150 μm (O, P), 120 μm (C, D), 50 μm (K), 40 μm (H–J, L), 36 μm (G), and 19 μm (E, F).