Table 2.
Current understanding of the role of IL-1 and type I IFNs in selected inflammatory disorders
| Disease | Main trigger, involved genes | Role for IL-1 | IL-1-blocking agents in patients | Refs | Rec. IFN therapy | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases | FMF | MEFV mutations | a | a | [288–295] | a | [296] |
| Polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases | IBD | NOD2, ATG16L1, IRGM, IL-12Rβ, IL-23R, STAT3, IL-10Rβ mutations | a | n.d. | [304], [306] | a | [310–312] |
| Mixed pattern diseases | Behçet | HLA-B51 association, IL-12Rβ, IL-23R, IL-10 variants | b | a | [295], [318] | a | [319] |
| Atopic disorders | Allergy | Allergens, complex | a | n.d. | [322–332] | a | [336] |
| Autoimmune diseases | SLE | IRF5, STAT4, TLR7, TYK2, IRAK1, IKK-ε variants | b | b | [344–347] | n.d. (pathological role) | |
| MS | Specific HLA alleles, complex | a | n.d. | [20], [241–244] | a | [228, 229] | |
refs references, rec recombinant, n.d. not determined, a established, b potential role