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. 2024 May 23;19(5):e0299974. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299974

Table 5. Placebo tests.

Variables (1) (2) (3)
Virtual treatment group Virtual 2012 as policy time Virtual 2014 as policy time
Treatij×Timet 1.073
(0.707)
-0.218
(0.247)
-1.139
(0.718)
_Cons -7.101***
(0.412)
6.534***
(1.767)
-11.659
(1.869)
Control variables YES YES YES
Time fixed effects YES YES YES
Individual fixed effects YES YES YES
N 18948 14051 14051

Note

* p<0.1

** p<0.05

*** p<0.01.