Table 5. Placebo tests.
Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|---|---|---|
Virtual treatment group | Virtual 2012 as policy time | Virtual 2014 as policy time | |
Treatij×Timet | 1.073 (0.707) |
-0.218 (0.247) |
-1.139 (0.718) |
_Cons | -7.101*** (0.412) |
6.534*** (1.767) |
-11.659 (1.869) |
Control variables | YES | YES | YES |
Time fixed effects | YES | YES | YES |
Individual fixed effects | YES | YES | YES |
N | 18948 | 14051 | 14051 |
Note
* p<0.1
** p<0.05
*** p<0.01.