. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 23.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Immunol. 2021 Dec 7;51(12):2708–3145. doi: 10.1002/eji.202170126

Table 78.

Human B cell subsets: summary of markers, suppressor molecules, induction factors, and related diseases

Name	Marker	Suppressor molecules	Induction	Associated disease
Immature B cells	CD19⁺ CD24^high CD38^high CD1d⁺	IL-10	CD40 ligation	Suppressive role in RA, SLE and CHB virus infection [997-999]
B10/pro-B10 cells	CD19⁺ CD24^high CD27⁺ CD48^high CD148^high	IL-10	CpG-ODN, LPS (+ CD40 ligation)	Various autoimmune diseases [1000].
Br1 cells	CD19⁺ CD73⁻ CD25⁺ CD71⁺ B cells	IL-10, IgG4, PD-L1	CpG-ODN	Allergen tolerance [967]
Suppressive plasmablasts	CD19⁺ CD27^int CD38⁺	IL-10, immunoglobulins	CpG-ODN + IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-α/γ	Healthy subjects [970]
Suppressive plasma cells	CD138⁺	IL-10	n/a	Multiple sclerosis lesions [1001]