Fig. 1.

Effects of X-ray irradiation on the early development of X. tropicalis embryos. (A) Timeline of the experimental design: embryos were irradiated either before the MBT at 32 cell stage (4 hpf) or after the MBT at the late blastula stage (7 hpf). Survival and malformation were analyzed at the late tail bud stage (48 hpf). (B) Representative images: malformations observed at the late tail bud stage (48 hpf). (C) Survival and malformation rates: left: survival rates; right: malformation rates of X. tropicalis embryos irradiated with indicated doses of X-rays before the MBT (squares) and after the MBT (circles). The values are presented as mean and standard deviation from three independent irradiation experiments (50 embryos per replicate).