Fig. 2.

Putative mechanisms of action for vanadate proliferative effects in vertebrate bone-derived cell lines. Black circled 5 and 13 indicate pathways related to chondrocyte-like ATDC5 and VSa13 cell lines, respectively. Grey circled 3, 6, 16 and 63 indicate pathways related to osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1, UMR106, VSa16 and MG-63 cell lines, respectively. Black and dashed arrows indicate activated and putatively activated pathways, respectively. V indicates vanadate. Raf, MEK and ERK are intermediates in the MAPK pathway