ICOSIg induces p38-dependent IL-6 expression via ICOSL on DCs. a Wild DCs (C57BL/6) were treated with sufficient anti-ICOSL antibody or SB202190 and SB202474 for 1 h before being incubated with ICOS-Ig or IgG for another 24 h. In part of the experiments, soluble proteins were denatured with boiling water. IL-6 in the supernatants were then measured by ELISA (*P < 0.05 compared to other groups except ICOS + SB202474 group; #
P < 0.05 compared with ICOSIg + SB202190). b,c DCs from different mice (wild, ICOSL−/− and TLR−/−, all these mice were C57BL/6 derived) were blocked with CD16/CD32 antibody and incubated with 60 μg/ml mouse ICOS-Ig, human ICOSIg or human IgG1 for 36 h (1 × 105 cells in 100 μl condition media per duplicate 96-cell flat cells) before being collected and detected for IAb with FCM or IL-6 in the supernatants with ELISA (**P < 0.01, data are one representative of three)