Table 1.

Direct targets of CsrA

Target genes	Function	Regulation	No. of CsrA box	Species	References
glgCAP	Glycogen metabolism	Negative	4	E. coli	[46, 90]
pgaABCD	Biofilm attachment phase	Negative	6	E. coli	[58]
hfq	RNA-binding protein	Negative	1	E. coli	[53]
cstA	Peptide transport	Negative	4	E. coli	[48]
ydeH	c-di-GMP metabolism; diguanylate cyclase	Negative	Unknown	E. coli	[54]
ycdT	c-di-GMP metabolism; diguanylate cyclase	Negative	Unknown	E. coli	[54]
PA0081	Scaffolding protein	Negative	Unknown	P. aeruginosa	[67]
PA0082	Hypothetical protein	Negative	Unknown	P. aeruginosa	[67]
PA4492	Hypothetical protein	Negative	Unknown	P. aeruginosa	[67]
STM1987	c-di-GMP metabolism; diguanylate cyclase	Negative	Unknown	S. typhimurium	[60]
STM3375 (CsrD homologue)	c-di-GMP metabolism; no diguanylate cyclase nor phosphodiesterase activities	Negative	Unknown	S. typhimurium	[60]
STM1344	c-di-GMP metabolism; no diguanylate cyclase nor phosphodiesterase activities	Negative	Unknown	S. typhimurium	[60]
STM1697	c-di-GMP metabolism; probably no phosphodiesterase activity	Negative	Unknown	S. typhimurium	[60]
flhDC	Motility regulator	Positive	Unknown	E. coli	[62]
sepLespADB	Virulence factors	Positive	Unknown	E. coli	[61]
STM3611	c-di-GMP metabolism; phosphodiesterase activity	Positive	Unknown	S. typhimurium	[60]

CsrA was shown to bind to the mRNAs indicated, although CsrA binding sites were not systematically experimentally determined.