Table 2.

Treatment of NHKs with Vit D increases PADI1–3 transcript amounts at 24 h

	PADI1	PADI2	PADI3
Vit D
a	1.99 ± 0.47	7.96 ± 1.90*	5.25 ± 1.25*
b	1.45 ± 0.30	7.73 ± 0.27**	4.46 ± 0.46*
c	6.45 ± 2.24**	8.87 ± 1.93**	24.69 ± 8.36**
Vit D + Ca2+
a	2.19 ± 0.45	9.01 ± 1.55*	4.46 ± 1.21*
b	1.52 ± 0.10**	8.02 ± 0.56*	4.04 ± 0.56*
c	4.12 ± 1.63**	8.08 ± 2.09**	16.05 ± 3.94**

Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the steady-state levels of PADI1–3 mRNAs was performed using NHKs treated for 24 h with either 10⁻⁷ M Vit D in DMSO or DMSO alone (control), and the YWHAZ mRNA as the reference. The ratios (treated/control) are expressed as mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (a–c), each performed in duplicate plates

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. The P values calculated with all the data corresponding to either Vit D or (Vit D + Ca²⁺) treatments were 2 × 10⁻⁴ and 7 × 10⁻⁵ for PADI1, 3 × 10⁻¹³ and 6 × 10⁻¹³ for PADI2, and 1 × 10⁻⁶ and 1 × 10⁻⁷ for PADI3, respectively