Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants in the Sister Study by race/ethnicity, enrolled 2003–2009 (N = 4,358)
| All (N = 4,358) | Blacka (n = 667) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 3,691) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronological age (years); median (IQR)b | 55.7 (13.2) | 53.5 (11.6) | 56.0 (13.4) |
| Educational attainment; n (%)c | |||
| High school or less | 632 (15%) | 72 (11%) | 560 (16%) |
| Some college | 1,436 (34%) | 229 (34%) | 1,207 (34%) |
| College or above | 2,290 (51%) | 366 (55%) | 1,924 (51%) |
| Household annual income; n (%)c | |||
| <50,000 | 1,102 (25%) | 221 (33%) | 881 (24%) |
| 50,000–<100,000 | 1,781 (40%) | 292 (43%) | 1,489 (39%) |
| ≥100,000 | 1,475 (36%) | 154 (24%) | 1,321 (37%) |
| Body mass index; n (%)c | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 35 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (1%) |
| Recommended (18.5–25 kg/m2) | 1,528 (38%) | 120 (18%) | 1,408 (39%) |
| Overweight (25–30 kg/m2) | 1,416 (33%) | 203 (31%) | 1,213 (33%) |
| Obesity (≥30 kg/m2) | 1,379 (29%) | 344 (50%) | 1,035 (27%) |
| Menopausal status; n (%)c | |||
| Premenopausal | 1,341 (33%) | 253 (41%) | 1,088 (32%) |
| Postmenopausal | 3,017 (67%) | 414 (59%) | 2,603 (68%) |
| Physical activity (metabolic equivalent hours/week); median (IQR)c | 44.8 (41.5) | 38.9 (32.1) | 45.6 (41.8) |
| Smoking status; n (%)c | |||
| Never | 2,373 (55%) | 428 (64%) | 1,945 (53%) |
| Past | 1,639 (37%) | 180 (27%) | 1,459 (38%) |
| Current | 346 (9%) | 59 (9%) | 287 (9%) |
| Alcohol consumption; n (%)c | |||
| Never or past | 808 (18%) | 213 (30%) | 595 (17%) |
| Current <1 drink per day | 2,958 (69%) | 422 (65%) | 2,536 (69%) |
| Current ≥1 drinks per day | 592 (13%) | 32 (5%) | 560 (14%) |
| DunedinPACE; median (IQR)b | 1.06 (0.11) | 1.10 (0.12) | 1.05 (0.11) |
| GrimAgeAccel; median (IQR)b | −0.65 (4.0) | 0.11 (4.6) | −0.75 (3.9) |
| PhenoAgeAccel; median (IQR)b | −0.37 (7.9) | −0.43 (9.1) | −0.37 (7.8) |
| Use of permanent dye; n (%)c | |||
| Never | 2,039 (46%) | 373 (58%) | 1,666 (45%) |
| ≤4 times in the past year | 974 (22%) | 183 (27%) | 791 (22%) |
| >4 times in the past year | 1,332 (32%) | 107 (15%) | 1,225 (33%) |
| Use of semipermanent dye; n (%)c | |||
| Never | 3,522 (82%) | 428 (64%) | 3,094 (84%) |
| ≤4 times in the past year | 491 (11%) | 150 (23%) | 341 (9%) |
| >4 times in the past year | 321 (7%) | 86 (13%) | 235 (7%) |
| Use of straighteners/relaxers; n (%)c | |||
| Never | 3,754 (91%) | 169 (27%) | 3,585 (97%) |
| ≤4 times in the past year | 238 (4%) | 180 (27%) | 58 (2%) |
| >4 times in the past year | 354 (5%) | 312 (47%) | 42 (1%) |
| Use of hair permanents/body waves; n (%)c | |||
| Never | 3,715 (87%) | 494 (75%) | 3,221 (88%) |
| ≤2 times in the past year | 275 (6%) | 27 (4%) | 248 (7%) |
| >2 times in the past year | 357 (7%) | 139 (21%) | 218 (5%) |
Missing: DunedinPACE (Black, n = 2), use of permanent dye (Black, n = 4; non-Hispanic White, n = 9), use of semipermanent dye (Black, n = 3; non-Hispanic White, n = 22), use of straighteners/relaxers (Black, n = 6; non-Hispanic White, n = 7), and use of hair permanents/body waves (Black, n = 7; non-Hispanic White, n = 5).
Including 19 Hispanic and 648 non-Hispanic Black/African Americans; combined in this study due to small sample numbers.
Weighted median and IQR to reflect the distribution in the entire Sister Study cohort.
Sample numbers are actual numbers of participants included in the analyses. Percentages are weighted to reflect the distribution in the entire Sister Study cohort.
GrimAgeAccel indicates GrimAge age acceleration; IQR, interquartile range; PhenoAgeAccel, PhenoAge age acceleration.