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. 2023 Dec 1;29(2):317–326. doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02327-1

Table 1.

Sample demographics.

MDD currently depressed N = 297 MDD remitted N = 402 Healthy participants N = 820 Statistic Post-hoc
Age (years) 35.2 ± 13.2 35.5 ± 13.0 33.5 ± 12.6

F(2,1516) = 4.2

p = 0.015

cur-HC: p = 0.13

cur-rem: p = 0.93

rem-HC: p = 0.022

Sex N f (% f) 197 (66.4%) 265 (65.9%) 528 (64.4%)

Χ2 = .507

p = 0.78

Education (years) 13.0 ± 2.7 13.6 ± 2.6 14.0 ± 2.6

F(2,1490) = 17.3

p < 0.001

cur-HC: p < 0.001

cur-rem: p = 0.013

rem-HC: p = 0.010

HAMD17 14.6 ± 4.4 3.9 ± 3.4 1.3 ± 2.0

F(2,1516) = 2164

p < 0.001

cur-HC: p < 0.001

cur-rem: p < 0.001

rem-HC: p < 0.001

BDI-I 24.6 ± 9.5 11.7 ± 8.7 4.0 ± 4.1

F(2,1482) = 967.8

p < 0.001

cur-HC: p < 0.001

cur-rem: p < 0.001

rem-HC: p < .001

GAF 56.9 ± 9.8 71.9 ± 12.7 91.6 ± 7.0

F(2,1496) = 1628

p < 0.001

cur-HC: p < 0.001

cur-rem: p < 0.001

rem-HC: p < 0.001

Cur currently depressed patients, rem remitted patients, HC healthy controls, MDD major depressive disorder, HAMD17 Hamilton depression rating scale, 17 item version, BDI-I revised Beck depression inventory, GAF Global assessment of functioning.