. 2024 May 23;14:11798. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62537-7

Table 1.

Overview of cohorts and collected samples.

Cohort	Sample type and collection	Sequencing, DNA isolation
MARCH (U-M sites) Recruited from University of Michigan clinics	Self-collected vaginal Starplex star dual-headed swabs at 3 times across gestation beginning at 7 to > 28 weeks gestation Clinic sample preserved in All-Protect upon collection	16S rRNA gene (V4 region) Qiagen PowerMicrobiome DNA/RNA EP kit
MARCH (non-U-M sites) Recruited from 9 other non-UM sites across Michigan	Self-collected vaginal Starplex star dual-headed swabs and fecal (no preservative) > 28 weeks gestation Mail collection	16S rRNA gene (V4 region) Qiagen/Mobio power soil DNA extraction kit
Atlanta Recruited from prenatal public/private clinics in Atlanta	Vaginal (self-collected, mid-vaginal), along with oral and rectal Epicentre Catchall swabs, collected at 8–14 and 24–30 weeks gestation	16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) Qiagen/Mobio power soil DNA extraction kit
CREW (WISC and MAAP) WISC recruited farm and rural-nonfarm families in Wisconsin. MAAP recruited families in Detroit	Vaginal-rectal swabs sampled from clinic at > 28 weeks gestation	16S rRNAgene (V4 region) SequalPrep Normalization Plate Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

Cohort

Sample type and collection

Sequencing, DNA isolation

MARCH (U-M sites)

Recruited from University of Michigan clinics

Self-collected vaginal Starplex star dual-headed swabs at 3 times across gestation beginning at 7 to > 28 weeks gestation

Clinic sample preserved in All-Protect upon collection

16S rRNA gene (V4 region)

Qiagen PowerMicrobiome DNA/RNA EP kit

MARCH (non-U-M sites)

Recruited from 9 other

non-UM sites across Michigan

Self-collected vaginal Starplex star dual-headed swabs and fecal (no preservative) > 28 weeks gestation

Mail collection

16S rRNA gene (V4 region)

Qiagen/Mobio power soil DNA extraction kit

Atlanta

Recruited from prenatal public/private clinics in Atlanta

Vaginal (self-collected, mid-vaginal), along with oral and rectal Epicentre Catchall swabs, collected at 8–14 and 24–30 weeks gestation

16S rRNA gene

(V3–V4 region)

Qiagen/Mobio power soil DNA extraction kit

CREW (WISC and MAAP)

WISC recruited farm and rural-nonfarm families in Wisconsin. MAAP recruited families in Detroit

Vaginal-rectal swabs sampled from clinic at > 28 weeks gestation

16S rRNAgene (V4 region)

SequalPrep Normalization Plate Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ATLANTA Emory Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort, MAAP Microbes, Allergy, Asthma, and Pets, MARCH Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health, WISC Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort.