Table 1.

Bioactive components in colostrum and their potential effects on athletes.

Component	Concentration (g/L)	Effect	Reference
Protein	250	Increase development and repair in the body.	(16)
Casein	26	Decreasing blood pressure, minimizing the occurrence of blood clot formation and aiding digestion in the stomach.	(16–19)
Immunoglobulin	20-150	Prevents post-exercise illnesses by supporting the athlete’s immunity against post-exercise immune suppression.	(16)
Lactoferrin	1.5	Antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal properties	(16, 20–22)
Growth Factors	50 μg to –40 mg/L	Cell proliferation, faster healing of wounds and muscle development.	(7, 16)
Lactoperoxidase	0.02	Anti-pathogenic effect and contributes to immunity.	(23)
Oligosaccharides	0.7-1.2	Selective growth of microbiome.	(16, 24–26)