Table 4.

The optimal fitness of each algorithm (Dim = 50).

Function	Item	WOA	ACO	ALO	GWO	GJO	SCGJO	SCMGJO
F1	min	9.21 × 10−93	1.12 × 10−5	4.62 × 10−2	8.92 × 10−24	1.35 × 10−45	4.33 × 10−89	0.00 × 100
	mean	1.68 × 10−48	−1.12 × 101	−5.18 × 10−4	−2.45 × 10−14	−1.67 × 10−24	−1.62 × 10−47	6.06 × 10−165
	std	1.36 × 10−47	4.65 × 101	3.07 × 10−2	4.26 × 10−13	4.98 × 10−24	9.40 × 10−46	0.00 × 100
F2	min	5.46 × 10−52	1.55 × 102	9.75 × 102	2.55 × 10−13	5.42 × 10−27	5.37 × 10−49	0.00 × 100
	mean	1.09 × 10−53	1.57 × 101	1.73 × 101	−7.99 × 10−16	3.60 × 10−29	8.17 × 10−52	0.00 × 100
	std	5.26 × 10−53	7.68 × 101	3.21 × 101	5.17 × 10−15	1.09 × 10−28	1.39 × 10−50	0.00 × 100
F3	min	1.38 × 105	3.86 × 105	7.56 × 103	8.00 × 10−3	5.97 × 10−11	3.79 × 10−67	0.00 × 100
	mean	−1.11 × 100	7.50 × 10−1	−7.97 × 10−3	1.84 × 10−4	−2.43 × 10−8	−7.99 × 10−37	−1.49 × 10−165
	std	3.43 × 101	5.46 × 101	2.03 × 101	1.98 × 10−2	1.54 × 10−6	1.10 × 10−34	0.00 × 100
F4	min	7.71 × 10−1	9.08 × 101	2.63 × 101	2.28 × 10−5	1.15 × 10−11	7.25 × 10−36	0.00 × 100
	mean	−1.49 × 10−1	6.20 × 10−1	−5.90 × 10−1	−1.61 × 10−6	−2.22 × 10−12	1.08 × 10−36	0.00 × 100
	std	3.24 × 10−1	5.80 × 101	1.95 × 101	2.07 × 10−5	9.06 × 10−12	3.36 × 10−36	0.00 × 100
F5	min	4.84 × 101	6.03 × 1010	1.34 × 103	4.93 × 101	4.63 × 101	4.89 × 101	4.87 × 101
	mean	1.19 × 10−2	8.20 × 100	2.95 × 10−1	1.20 × 10−2	4.45 × 10−2	2.56 × 10−3	5.16 × 10−3
	std	2.11 × 10−2	5.06 × 101	1.12 × 100	1.57 × 10−1	1.62 × 10−1	4.61 × 10−3	2.29 × 10−2
F6	min	2.88 × 10−1	1.26 × 105	8.88 × 10−2	2.51 × 100	6.70 × 100	1.00 × 101	8.78 × 100
	mean	−4.88 × 10−1	−7.08 × 100	−4.99 × 10−1	−3.99 × 10−1	−2.30 × 10−1	−9.77 × 10−2	−1.48 × 10−1
	std	7.58 × 10−2	5.03 × 101	4.26 × 10−2	2.02 × 10−1	2.50 × 10−1	1.98 × 10−01	2.30 × 10−1
F7	min	2.86 × 10−3	1.18 × 103	4.07 × 102	1.73 × 10−3	2.64 × 10−4	4.25 × 10−5	1.81 × 10−4
	mean	−6.91 × 10−3	−8.43 × 10−1	4.39 × 10−4	−2.37 × 10−3	−1.55 × 10−3	3.81 × 10−4	−1.58 × 10−4
	std	3.12 × 10−2	4.70 × 101	8.93 × 10−1	2.82 × 10−2	1.35 × 10−2	4.49 × 10−3	8.75 × 10−4
F8	min	−3.18 × 103	−6.59 × 103	−2.72 × 103	−1.68 × 103	−1.16 × 103	−6.98 × 102	−2.39 × 103
	mean	6.55 × 101	1.57 × 102	−1.00 × 102	8.97 × 100	−9.61 × 100	−7.22 × 100	5.18 × 101
	std	7.53 × 10−2	1.11 × 101	0.00 × 100	5.16 × 101	4.89 × 101	5.38 × 101	3.78 × 101
F9	min	0.00 × 100	9.80 × 104	3.48 × 102	2.17 × 100	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100
	mean	−5.84 × 10−10	6.28 × 100	2.99 × 10−1	−3.86 × 10−2	−5.42 × 10−10	5.62 × 10−10	4.69 × 10−11
	std	3.07 × 10−9	4.42 × 101	2.63 × 100	1.97 × 10−1	3.62 × 10−9	3.01 × 10−9	6.70 × 10−10
F10	min	7.55 × 10−15	2.11 × 101	4.44 × 10−16	2.11 × 101	2.07 × 101	4.00 × 10−15	4.44 × 10−16
	mean	7.69 × 10−17	9.50 × 101	0.00 × 100	1.31 × 101	−7.46 × 10−2	3.77 × 10−16	5.08 × 10−18
	std	2.24 × 10−15	1.23 × 103	0.00 × 100	6.34 × 101	3.55 × 101	1.30 × 10−15	4.47 × 10−17
F11	min	0.00 × 100	2.95 × 101	1.71 × 10−1	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100
	mean	2.40 × 10−10	−7.16 × 100	3.50 × 10−2	−2.05 × 10−9	−2.63 × 10−9	1.76 × 10−9	−3.33 × 10−11
	std	8.27 × 10−9	4.77 × 101	1.13 × 100	2.95 × 10−8	2.28 × 10−8	8.27 × 10−9	3.75 × 10−9
F12	min	1.84 × 10−2	3.28 × 101	4.18 × 101	5.73 × 10−2	3.69 × 10−1	8.52 × 10−1	7.44 × 10−1
	mean	−9.12 × 10−1	3.61 × 100	−3.26 × 10−1	−6.99 × 10−1	−4.53 × 10−1	−1.65 × 10−1	−2.04 × 10−1
	std	2.87 × 10−1	4.97 × 101	8.85 × 100	4.53 × 10−1	4.90 × 10−1	3.79 × 10−1	4.08 × 10−1
F13	min	2.26 × 10−1	4.40 × 101	1.41 × 102	1.30 × 100	3.45 × 100	4.47 × 100	4.80 × 100
	mean	9.70 × 10−1	6.18 × 100	1.18 × 10−2	7.17 × 10−1	3.04 × 10−1	1.29 × 10−1	4.04 × 10−2
	std	1.99 × 10−1	4.89 × 101	4.75 × 100	4.26 × 10−1	4.46 × 10−1	3.48 × 10−1	1.98 × 10−1