Table 6.

The optimal fitness of each algorithm (fixed-dimensional).

Function	Item	WOA	ACO	ALO	GWO	GJO	SCGJO	SCMGJO
F14	min	9.98 × 10−1	9.98 × 10−1	9.98 × 10−1	9.98 × 10−1	9.98 × 10−1	9.98 × 10−1	9.98 × 10−1
	mean	−3.20 × 101	−3.20 × 101	−3.20 × 101	−3.20 × 101	−3.20 × 101	−3.20 × 101	−3.20 × 101
	std	8.60 × 10−3	1.26 × 10−2	1.33 × 10−2	2.22 × 10−2	1.55 × 10−2	1.28 × 10−1	4.69 × 10−3
F15	min	9.19 × 10−4	1.23 × 10−3	1.04 × 10−3	9.21 × 10−4	1.19 × 10−3	5.21 × 10−4	9.79 × 10−4
	mean	1.22 × 101	−2.25 × 103	−3.90 × 101	1.28 × 101	−1.52 × 101	9.29 × 10−2	1.54 × 10−1
	std	1.82 × 101	2.91 × 103	4.18 × 101	1.94 × 101	5.47 × 101	9.21 × 10−2	3.42 × 10−2
F16	min	−1.03 × 100	−1.03 × 100	−1.03 × 100	−1.03 × 100	−1.03 × 100	−1.03 × 100	−1.03 × 100
	mean	3.11 × 10−1	−3.11 × 10−1	−3.11 × 10−1	3.11 × 10−1	3.11 × 10−1	−3.12 × 10−1	3.13 × 10−1
	std	5.67 × 10−1	5.67 × 10−1	5.67 × 10−1	5.67 × 10−1	5.67 × 10−1	5.66 × 10−1	5.62 × 10−1
F17	min	3.98 × 10−1	4.04 × 10−1	3.98 × 10−1	3.98 × 10−1	3.98 × 10−1	3.98 × 10−1	3.99 × 10−1
	mean	2.77 × 101	5.94 × 100	1.15 × 101	4.57 × 100	4.57 × 100	2.72 × 100	2.71 × 100
	std	8.12 × 100	4.96 × 100	2.96 × 101	1.09 × 101	1.09 × 101	6.10 × 10−1	6.00 × 10−1
F18	min	3.00 × 100	3.00 × 100	3.00 × 100	3.00 × 100	3.00 × 100	3.00 × 100	3.00 × 100
	mean	−5.01 × 10−1	−5.00 × 10−1	−5.00 × 10−1	−5.00 × 10−1	−5.00 × 10−1	−5.00 × 10−1	−5.00 × 10−1
	std	7.07 × 10−1	7.07 × 10−1	7.07 × 10−1	7.07 × 10−1	7.07 × 10−1	7.07 × 10−1	7.07 × 10−1
F19	min	−3.86 × 100	−3.86 × 100	−3.86 × 100	−3.85 × 100	−3.86 × 100	−3.85 × 100	−3.86 × 100
	mean	5.07 × 10−1	5.08 × 10−1	5.08 × 10−1	4.67 × 10−1	5.00 × 10−1	4.67 × 10−1	4.69 × 10−1
	std	3.73 × 10−1	3.71 × 10−1	3.71 × 10−1	4.37 × 10−1	3.84 × 10−1	4.32 × 10−1	4.33 × 10−1
F20	min	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100	0.00 × 100	−3.07 × 100	−3.32 × 100	−2.64 × 100	−1.92 × 100
	mean	1.26 × 101	2.06 × 101	−2.02 × 101	3.31 × 10−1	3.45 × 10−1	2.85 × 10−1	2.34 × 10−1
	std	5.92 × 101	6.65 × 101	5.79 × 101	3.56 × 10−1	1.90 × 10−1	2.57 × 10−1	2.49 × 10−1
F21	min	−5.10 × 100	−1.03 × 101	−1.03 × 101	−1.03 × 101	−1.03 × 101	−5.10 × 100	−1.03 × 101
	mean	1.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	9.96 × 10−1	4.00 × 100
	std	2.31 × 10−4	1.05 × 10−9	1.08 × 10−5	1.58 × 10−3	4.12 × 10−3	7.19 × 10−3	2.21 × 10−2
F22	min	−1.06 × 101	−1.06 × 101	−1.06 × 101	−5.34 × 100	−5.34 × 100	−5.31 × 100	−1.05 × 101
	mean	4.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	1.00 × 100	1.00 × 100	1.00 × 100	3.99 × 100
	std	7.03 × 10−4	6.73 × 10−10	7.83 × 10−6	8.32 × 10−4	1.53 × 10−3	1.94 × 10−2	1.85 × 10−2
F23	min	−1.07 × 101	−5.19 × 100	−1.07 × 101	−5.19 × 100	−5.19 × 100	−5.32 × 100	−1.02 × 101
	mean	4.00 × 100	6.00 × 100	4.00 × 100	6.00 × 100	6.00 × 100	9.98 × 10−1	4.01 × 100
	std	2.01 × 10−3	1.22 × 10−9	9.56 × 10−6	1.10 × 10−3	9.11 × 10−3	2.23 × 10−2	2.86 × 10−2