Figure 7.

MoA of STP1 in ASD-Phen1. (A) Chronic increased inflammatory responses lead to a constitutively active NF-κB, and in turn, NRF2, in patients with ASD-Phen1; this results in an increased dendritic arborization, spine density, and cellular proliferation, as well as a decrease in the aerobic metabolism (also known as the Warburg effect). (B) By inhibiting PDE4/3 and, therefore, increasing cellular levels of cAMP, STP1 can inhibit NF-κB and decrease the activity of NRF2 to re-establish homeostatic cellular growth and metabolism.