Table 2.

Key aspects of osseointegration and neural interfaces with sensory feedback in the context of prosthetic technology.

Aspect/Parameter	Osseointegration	Neural Interfaces and Sensory Feedback
Definition	Direct integration of prosthetic limb with user’s bone.	Bridging the gap between man-made devices and biological systems.
Advantages	Enhanced stability, comfort, and functionality.	More intuitive control and natural movement of prosthetic limbs.
Recent developments	Emergence of percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses (POP).	Integration of artificial skin with prosthetic devices for tactile feedback.
Key features	Transcutaneous implant interfaces directly with underlying bone.	Intracortical electrodes enable direct neural recordings from motor cortex.
Materials utilized	Titanium alloys, biocompatible coatings.	Flexible electronics, tactile sensors for mimicking human skin sensitivity.
Improvement focus	Biomechanical interface between prosthetic implant and residual bone.	Bidirectional communication between prosthetic devices and user’s nervous system.
Applications	Enhanced stability, comfort, and functionality in prosthetic limbs.	Perception of texture, shape, hardness of objects with tactile sensors in prosthetic hands.
Disadvantages	Risk of infection, potential for implant rejection.	Complexity of surgical procedures, limited availability of advanced sensory feedback systems.
Future prospects	Widespread adoption and improved quality of life for individuals with limb loss.	Restoring sensory-motor capabilities, seamless integration of prosthetic devices into daily life.